食品交换份平衡膳食指导对妊娠女性孕期增重及新生儿体重结局的影响  

Influence of Balanced Diet Guidance of Food Exchange on Gestational Weight Gain of Pregnant Women and Neonatal Weight Outcome

作　　者：王岩[1] Wang Yan(Department of Clinical Nutrition,Liangxiang Hospital of Fangshan District,Beijing 102401,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市房山区良乡医院临床营养科,北京102401

出　　处：《中国社区医师》2023年第8期148-150,共3页Chinese Community Doctors

摘　　要：目的:探讨食品交换份平衡膳食指导对妊娠女性孕期增重及新生儿体重结局的影响。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年8月在北京市房山区良乡医院建档及分娩单胎活产的2 578例妊娠女性作为研究对象,根据饮食指导方法的不同分为指导组与对照组。对照组给予常规饮食教育,指导组给予食品交换份平衡膳食指导。比较两组孕期增重及新生儿体重,分析低体重儿和巨大儿的影响因素。结果:指导组增重适度率高于对照组,增重过度率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);两组增重不足率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);指导组正常体重儿占比高于对照组,低体重儿、巨大儿占比低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。平衡膳食指导为低体重儿、巨大儿的保护因素;孕前超重、肥胖及孕期增重过度是巨大儿的风险因素;早产是低体重儿的风险因素。结论:食品交换份平衡膳食指导可降低妊娠女性孕期增重过度率和低体重儿、巨大儿发生率,对改善母婴结局效果显著。Objective:To investigate the influence of balanced diet guidance of food exchange on weight gain of pregnant women during pregnancy and neonatal weight outcome.Methods:From January 2021 to August 2022,a total of 2578 pregnant women who were registered in Liangxiang Hospital of Fangshan District of Beijing and gave birth to a single live birth were selected as the study subjects.According to diet guidance method,they were divided into guidance group and control group.The control group was given regular diet education,and the guidance group was given food exchange balanced dietary guidance.Weight gain during pregnancy and neonatal weight were compared between the two groups,and the influencing factors of low birth weight infant and macrosomia were analyzed.Results:The rate of moderate weight gain in the guidance group was higher than that in the control group,and the rate of excessive weight gain in the guidance group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the rate of insufficient gain between the two groups(P>0.05).The proportion of normal weight infants in the guidance group was higher than that in the control group,and the proportion of low weight infants and macrosomia in the guidance group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Balanced diet guidance was a protective factor for low birth weight infants and macrosomia;Prepregnancy overweight and obesity,and excessive weight gain during pregnancy were risk factors for macrosomia;Preterm birth was a risk factor for low birth weight infants.Conclusion:Balanced dietary guidance for food exchange can reduce the rates of excessive weight gain in pregnant women and the incidence of low birth weight infant and macrosomia,and have a significant effect on improving maternal and infant outcomes.

关 键 词：食品交换份 平衡膳食指导 孕期增重 新生儿体重 

分 类 号：R715.3[医药卫生—妇产科学]