中国古代兵家思想的演变轨迹及其研究进路  

The Evolutionary Trajectory and Research Progression of Chinese Ancient Military Strategists'Thoughts

作　　者：黄朴民[1] 郭相宜[1,2] HUANG Pumin;GUO Xiangyi(School of Chinese Classics,Renmin University,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学历史学院

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2023年第2期39-50,共12页Qilu Journal

摘　　要：就世界范围而言,战争往往是历史演进的最直观的表现形态,军事思想是国家和民族意识形态的重要组成部分,这一点,古代中国也没有任何例外。自先秦至清末,中国兵家思想的发展,脉络清晰,结构完整,内容丰富,形式多样,特色鲜明,影响深远,是一份厚重的珍贵遗产。然而,相对于儒家、道家等思想学说的研究,有关兵家思想的研究,长期处于滞后的状态,这有“先天不足”的原因,也有“后天失调”的问题。要改变这种现状,除了在思想认识、资源配置等方面注入新的活力之外,更关键的是,要积极调整和转变兵家研究的基本范式,实现研究重心的转移,从以研究军事人物思想、兵家典籍理论为主导,变为以研究战法与思想共生互动为宗旨,形成一个相对稳定的逻辑叙事结构,即武器装备的进步,引起作战方式、战法战术的变革,在此基础上促成军队编制体制的调整,这种变化,最终又推动了兵家理论的创新,军事思想的升华,而兵家思想的发展又反作用于作战领域,使得战法的确立与变革,能在理论的指导下更趋成熟。总之,经过努力,完全能够在中国兵家思想的研究上开辟新的局面,实现新的飞跃。In a worldwide scope,war is often the most intuitive manifestation of historical evolution,and military thinking is an important part of the state and national ideology,which ancient China was no exception to this.From the pre-Qin period to the end of the Qing Dynasty,the development of Chinese Military Strategists'thoughts has a clear context,complete structure,rich content,diverse forms,distinctive features and far-reaching influence,which is a profound and precious heritage.However,compared with Confucianism and Taoism,the research on Military Strategists'thoughts has been lagging behind for a long time,which is due to"congenital deficiency"and"acquired maladjustment".This paper believes that in order to change this situation,in addition to injecting new vitality into the ideological emphasis and resource allocation,the key is to actively adjust and change the basic paradigm of Military Strategists'research and realize the shift of research focus,from the study of the thoughts of military figures to the study of the symbiosis and interaction of tactics and thoughts,in which way a relatively stable logical narrative structure has been formed.In other words,the progress of its weapons and equipment led to changes in combat methods,war methods and tactics,and on this basis contributed to the adjustment of the military establishment system,which ultimately promoted the innovation of Military Strategists'theory and the sublimation of military thinking.On the other hand,the development of Military Strategists'thoughts counteracts in the field of combat,which makes the establishment and reform of tactics more mature under the guidance of theory.We believe that through efforts,the research of Chinese Military Strategists'thoughts can open up a new situation and achieve a new leap.

关 键 词：中国古代 战争历史 兵家学派 军事思想 学术体系 研究方法 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]