小微企业高质量发展:国际经验与中国借鉴  

High-Quality Development of SMEs:International Experience and China's Reference

作　　者：锁箭[1] 杨梅 SUO Jian;YANG Mei(School of Business and Tourism Management,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学工商管理与旅游管理学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2023年第2期120-130,共11页Qilu Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“企业参与乡村振兴的长效机制研究”(19CGL019);中国社会科学院国情调研重大项目“生产成本变动对小微企业发展的影响研究”(GQZD2023002)。

摘　　要：小微企业与市场相伴相生,从前工业化阶段以小商店、工匠和农场主为主体的自由发展,到工业化加速进程中大企业迅速崛起后小微企业受“歧视”和“挤压”,再到二战后对小微企业的特殊支持,反映了全球范围内对小微企业功能以及政府与市场关系认知的变迁。总体来看,发达国家通过不断试错和创新,出台基本法将支持小微企业发展纳入国家法律框架,设立专门支持机构,重视多方主体的参与,构筑了较为完善的小微企业发展支持与促进体系。基于小微企业多元特征和经济发展的现实需要,各国将小微企业重点支持和精准支持相结合,尤其是通过简政放权降低小微企业交易成本,支持社会创新创业,提供政府采购订单,强化金融支持,提供税收优惠及政策补贴以降低企业负担,关注外部冲击和企业的脆弱性,这些做法具有较高的借鉴价值。新时代我国小微企业的高质量发展,要进一步深化对小微企业的认识,推进改革以营造良好发展环境,优化社会支持体系为小微企业发展贡献力量,进一步推动社会参与打造利益共同体,同时为应对突发冲击构建反脆弱的“安全网”。Small and Micro Enterprises(SMEs)are entangled with the market.In the pre-industrialization stage,as the main form of SMEs,small shops,artisans and farmers have developed freely,and in the accelerated process of industrialization,SMEs were"discriminated"and""squeezed"with the rapid rise of large enterprises.After World War II,SMEs get special support from government.Which reflects the change of understanding of SMEs on a global scale,and also reflects the changes in the understanding of the relationship between governments and the market.In the process of long-term market economy development,developed countries have built a relatively complete support and promotion system for the development of SMEs.In general,the promulgation of the Basic Law and a series of supporting laws and related policies have been formulated to provide a basic basis for the system to support the development of SMEs.Establishing special institutions and pushing the participation of external agencies to support the development of SMEs is important means and tools.Because of the diversified characteristics of SMEs,support of SMEs in various countries has shown a trend of focused support and precise support,especially focusing on streamlining administration and delegating power to reduce transaction costs,supporting social innovation and entrepreneurship,and providing government for SMEs purchase orders,strengthening financial support for SMEs,reducing the burden on enterprises,provide tax incentives and policy subsidies for SMEs,and paying attention to the vulnerability of SMEs.For the high-quality development of China's SMEs in the new era,we must further deepen our understanding and promotion reforms,optimize the support system,build a community of interests with SMEs,and build an anti-fragile development"safety net"in response to the sudden externalization environment.

关 键 词：小微企业 高质量发展 国际经验 

分 类 号：F129[经济管理—世界经济]