基于界面和纳米析出相材料的抗辐照损伤机制研究进展  

Recent progress in the study of mechanisms for enhancing radiation tolerance of materials based on interfaces and nanoprecipitates

作　　者：杜进隆 徐川 付恩刚[1,2] Jinlong Du;Chuan Xu;Engang Fu(Department of Technical Physics,School of Physics,Peking University Beijing 100871,China;State Key Laboratory for Nuclear Science and Technology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院技术物理系,北京100871 [2]北京大学核物理与核技术国家重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第9期1125-1140,共16页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：核能是重要的清洁、可靠和可持续的能源.核能的发展离不开高性能的核反应堆结构材料,这些结构材料在高温、高剂量辐照的环境下长时间服役,其性能在很大程度上决定反应堆的使用寿命.载能粒子轰击会在材料中引入大量缺陷,这些缺陷随时间的演变往往造成材料组织结构的改变,从而引起材料性能的下降,甚至失效.具有更苛刻服役条件的先进反应堆急需具有更优异抗辐照损伤性能的结构材料.抗辐照损伤材料设计的本质就是通过成分和微观结构等设计来提高材料中载能粒子辐照所引入缺陷的湮灭能力,从而提高材料的抗辐照性能.基于界面的抗辐照损伤设计是近几十年抗辐照损伤材料设计的主要思路.本文从抗辐照损伤机理研究存在的挑战出发,主要综述了基于界面的抗辐照材料结构、成分设计及特点,已经提出的抗辐照损伤设计方案及相关机理,重点介绍了北京大学技术物理系核技术应用团队基于界面以及提出的循环溶解再析出的纳米析出相的抗辐照损伤材料设计及机理方面的研究进展,并对未来基于界面和纳米析出相抗辐照损伤设计的研究进行了展望.Nuclear energy is a vital,clean,reliable,and sustainable energy source emerging as a reliable baseload source of electricity.High-performance structural materials used in nuclear reactors determine the key lifetime of the reactors and thus will be critical for the future success of proposed advances in fission and fusion reactors.These structural materials usually expose to high fluxes of high-energy neutrons and intense thermomechanical stresses.Designing materials from the atomic level to achieve high-radiation tolerance and high-temperature mechanical performances is a long-term challenge in materials research.The irradiation of high-energy neutrons or ions induces point defects in structural materials during service in reactors.These point defects can aggregate to form interstitial clusters,stacking faults tetrahedral,dislocation loops,and voids,leading to hardening,embrittlement,and swelling,eventually degrading the material properties.Interfaces in materials could act as powerful sinks for radiation defects and assist in recombining interstitials and vacancies.Hence,controlling radiation-induced defects via high-density interfaces is one of the major key strategies in designing irradiationdamage-resistant materials in recent decades.In this paper,we reviewed the present progress of the interface-based radiation tolerance enhancement of nanostructured materials with high-density interfaces and how these interfacial structures affect the annihilation of radiation defects.The high density of interfaces was acknowledged to enhance radiation tolerance significantly.The misfit dislocations,orientation relationships,and misfit stress of interfaces play important roles in annihilating the radiation damage to reactor materials and enhancing the radiation tolerance of reactor materials.The areal density of the misfit dislocation interactions could be used to estimate the sink efficiency of semicoherent interfaces.The sink efficiency of interfaces is also related to the orientation relationships of interfaces,as the d

关 键 词：核结构材料 辐照损伤和效应 界面 纳米析出相 抗辐照机制 

分 类 号：TB30[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TL341[核科学技术—核技术及应用]