罕见极端高温事件导致中国湖泊急剧变暖  

A record-breaking extreme heat event caused unprecedented warming of lakes in China

作　　者：王玮佳 施坤 王溪雯 王思琪 张栋 彭媛媛 李娜 张运林 张毅博 秦伯强 R.Iestyn Woolway Erik Jeppesen Weijia Wang;Kun Shi;Xiwen Wang;Siqi Wang;Dong Zhang;Yuanyuan Peng;Na Li;Yunlin Zhang;Yibo Zhang;Boqiang Qin;R.Iestyn Woolway;Erik Jeppesen(Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research,State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Nanjing,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping,and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;School of Ocean Sciences,Bangor University,Bangor,Gwynedd LL572DG,UK;Department of Ecoscience,Aarhus University,Aarhus 6000C,Denmark;Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research,Beijing 100049,China;Limnology Laboratory,Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation,Middle East Technical University,Ankara 06800,Turkey;Institute of Marine Sciences,Middle East Technical University,Erdeneli-Mersin 33731,Turkey)

机构地区：[1]Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research,State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China [2]University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China [3]College of Nanjing,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China [4]Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China [5]State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping,and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China [6]School of Ocean Sciences,Bangor University,Bangor,Gwynedd LL572DG,UK [7]Department of Ecoscience,Aarhus University,Aarhus 6000C,Denmark [8]Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research,Beijing 100049,China [9]Limnology Laboratory,Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation,Middle East Technical University,Ankara 06800,Turkey [10]Institute of Marine Sciences,Middle East Technical University,Erdeneli-Mersin 33731,Turkey

出　　处：《Science Bulletin》2023年第6期578-582,M0003,共6页科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20561 and 41922005);the Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (2019QZKK0202);the Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences (E1SL002);the Water Resource Science and Technology Project in Jiangsu Province (2020057);the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province (Social Development) (BE2022857);the TüBITAK BIDEB2232 Program (118C250);the UKRI Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Independent Research Fellowship (NE/T011246/1)。

摘　　要：在气候变化背景下,全球极端事件近年来显著增加,严重威胁湖泊生态系统健康及生态服务功能.本研究基于2000~2022年MODIS卫星遥感数据,量化了2022年罕见极端高温事件对我国湖泊的影响.结果表明,该极端高温事件导致中国湖泊表层水温平均升高了1.63℃,远超过去20年的增温幅度.其中,淮河流域和西南诸河流域湖泊受此影响最为明显,分别升高了2.01和1.81℃.不仅如此,该事件引发了长江流域严重干旱,造成鄱阳湖水位下降了55.07%、面积减少了73.32%,从而导致鱼类等水生生物大量死亡、鸟类失去栖息地,多地饮用水短缺.Strong evidence confirms that extreme climatic events,such as heat waves,storms and droughts,are becoming more frequent due to anthropogenic climate change[1].These extreme events may have overwhelmingly negative impacts on lake ecosystems[2].Specifically,by warming lake surface waters,extreme heat events are expected to influence many within-lake physical,chemical and biological processes[3].Critically,extreme heat events can alter the lake environment in only a fraction of the time that is needed for achieving the same effect of long-term climate change[4].In some cases,extreme heat events can exceed the resilience capacity of a lake ecosystem and lead to a loss of functionality and can even trigger catastrophic regime shifts[5].

关 键 词：表层水温 生态服务功能 极端事件 湖泊生态系统健康 气候变化背景 水生生物 增温幅度 淮河流域 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P343.3