普惠金融发展缓解了农户信贷约束吗?——基于河南省99个县域1670位农户的考察  

Can Inclusive Finance Ease the Credit Constraints of Rural Households?A Research Based on 1670 Rural Households in 99 Counties Henan Province

作　　者：周永锋[1] 张晓宁 刘冬 贾澜 Zhou Yongfeng;Zhang Xiaoning;Liu Dong;Jia Lan(Zhengzhou Central Sub-branch,the People's Bank of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民银行郑州中心支行

出　　处：《金融发展评论》2023年第1期55-68,共14页Financial Development Review

摘　　要：本文以河南省99个县域1670位农户为研究对象,通过问卷调查取得一手数据,分析农户面临的信贷约束情况,运用IVProbit模型和Heckman模型,实证研究了普惠金融发展水平对农户信贷约束的影响。结果表明:一是普惠金融显著降低了农户面临的信贷约束,尤其是供给型信贷约束的可能性,但对需求型信贷约束缺乏显著影响。二是内在机制上,普惠金融能够通过减轻银行信息不对称、降低抵押担保要求,缓解供给型信贷约束。三是普惠金融对中等收入农户、主营为农业的农户的信贷约束具有更明显的缓解作用,对其他农户影响较小。由此,提出应提高农户金融素养、优化农村信用环境、进一步发展信用贷款等政策建议。This essay researches on 1670 rural households in 99 counties of Henan province to conduct an empirical study on the impact of Inclusive Finance on rural households’ credit constraints with IVProbit model and Heckman model.The results firstly show that Inclusive Finance can effectively relieve credit constraints, especially the supply-side constraints while it has no significant influence on demand-side constraints.Secondly, as for internal mechanism, Inclusive Finance alleviates supply-side credit constraints through reducing information asymmetry and mortgage guarantee requirements. Thirdly, it plays a more significant role in easing credit constraint of middle-income rural households and households whose agricultural incomes account for more than 50%,but has less impact on others.Therefore, it is recommended to improve the financial literacy of rural households, optimize the rural credit environment, and further develop credit loans.

关 键 词：普惠金融 信贷约束 供给型信贷约束 信息不对称 

分 类 号：F832.43[经济管理—金融学] F323.6