青藏高原植被调查与制图评估  

Vegetation survey and mapping on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：桑佳文 宋创业[1] 贾宁霞 贾元 刘长成[1] 乔鲜果 张琳[1] 袁伟影 吴冬秀[1] 李凌浩[1] 郭柯[1] Jiawen Sang;Chuangye Song;Ningxia Jia;Yuan Jia;Changcheng Liu;Xianguo Qiao;Lin Zhang;Weiying Yuan;Dongxiu Wu;Linghao Li;Ke Guo(State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第3期52-67,共16页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0301);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA26010101)。

摘　　要：青藏高原植被调查与制图一直是青藏高原植被生态学研究的重要内容。历史上,我国多次开展青藏高原植被考察活动,在植被制图方面取得了一系列重要成果。本研究首先基于文献研读对青藏高原植被考察及其成果进行回顾,并对制图范围包括青藏高原的、使用比较广泛的植被图进行对比和分析;然后,基于第二次青藏高原综合科学考察获取的植被调查样点数据,与多幅植被图在数据一致性方面进行了对比。结果表明:(1)青藏高原植被调查的历史久远,但系统、科学的青藏高原植被调查开始于1949年新中国成立之后,期间获取了大量植被调查数据,出版了大量的专著和图志,《中华人民共和国植被图(1:4,000,000)》《中国草地资源图集(1:1,000,000)》和《中华人民共和国植被图(1:1,000,000)》是包含整个青藏高原、应用最为广泛的3幅植被图,《青藏高原现状植被图》是基于现阶段植被调查数据制作的青藏高原植被图。但是这4幅图在植被分类体系上存在较大差异,严重影响了图件之间的可比性。(2)对比发现,4幅植被图之间均存在一定程度的不一致性。面积较大的植被型组,如森林和草本植被,在植被图之间的一致性较高;但面积相对较小的植被型组,如沼泽与水生植被和农业植被,在植被图之间的一致性较低。进一步以高山嵩草(Carexparvula)草甸、紫花针茅(Stipapurpurea)草原、青藏薹草(Carex moorcroftii)草原、沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)草原、矮生嵩草(Carex alatauensis)草甸、藏沙蒿(Artemisia wellbyi)草原、昆仑针茅(Stipa roborowskyi)草原、固沙草(Orinus thoroldii)草原等8种青藏高原的典型植被类型为研究对象,发现它们的面积和空间分布格局在《中华人民共和国植被图(1:1,000,000)》和《中国草地资源图集(1:1,000,000)》之间也存在较大的差异。(3)植被调查样点数据与《中华人民共和国植被图(1:1,000,0Background&Aim:Surveying and mapping has always been an important part of vegetation research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Historically,China has performed several vegetation surveys of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and compiled a series of important vegetation maps.In this research,we aim to review the history of vegetation surveys and mapping on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and evaluate the consistency across maps,and to investigate the consistency between vegetation types in several maps and vegetation survey points provided by the Second Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program.Results:(1)The vegetation surveys of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have a long history,with systematic and scientific vegetation surveys of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau starting after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.In vegetation mapping,the Vegetation Map of China(1:4,000,000),the Grassland Resource Map of China(1:1,000,000),and the Vegetation Map of China(1:1,000,000)were the most widely used vegetation maps that cover the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.However,they are quite different in vegetation classification systems.(2)The comparison between different vegetation maps shows that the vegetation formation groups covering a large area,such as forest and grassland,have high consistency between different vegetation maps,while the vegetation formation groups covering a small area,such as aquatic and agricultural vegetation,have low consistency between different vegetation maps.Furthermore,we select Carex parvula meadow,Stipa purpurea grassland,Carex moorcroftii grassland,Stipa glareosa grassland,Carex alatauensis meadow,Artemisia wellbyi grassland,Stipa roborowskyi grassland,and Orinus thoroldii grassland to investigate the differences in the areas and spatial distribution patterns between the Vegetation Map of China(1:1,000,000)and the Grassland Resource Map of China(1:1,000,000).The results show that there are significant differences in the area and spatial distribution pattern between the two maps for these select

关 键 词：植被图 植被类型 植被变化 气候变化 调查 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]