新疆杨树人工林中蜘蛛群落多样性及其影响因素  

Influencing factors of spider community diversity in poplar plantations in Xinjiang,China

作　　者：林魏巍 田呈明[1] 熊典广 刘伟航 热依汗古丽·斯地克 梁英梅[1,4] Weiwei Lin;Chengming Tian;Dianguang Xiong;Weihang Liu;Ryhguli Sidike;Yingmei Liang(Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Pu’er,Pu’er,Yunnan 665000;Afforestation and Emission Reduction Operation Area of Administrative Affairs Center of Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay,Xinjiang 834000;Museum of Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]普洱市林业和草原局,云南普洱665000 [3]新疆油田公司行政事务中心造林减排作业区,新疆克拉玛依834000 [4]北京林业大学博物馆,北京100083

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第3期91-104,共14页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0600105)。

摘　　要：蜘蛛作为森林生态系统中的主要消费者,对维持干旱、半干旱地区杨树(Populus spp.)人工林的生物多样性和生态系统功能有重要作用。为了解干旱荒漠地区杨树人工林内的蜘蛛多样性特点,本文在克拉玛依市碳汇人工林基地选择3种不同林分类型(片林、林带和农田防护林),设置126块固定样地,在调查其林下植被的基础上,采用陷阱法和扫网法相结合的方式进行蜘蛛多样性调查,通过单因素方差分析(ANOVA)、非度量多维标度分析(non-metric multidimensional scale,NMDS)和相似性分析(analysis of similarities,ANOSIM)比较不同林分类型的蜘蛛物种组成相似性及其多样性,并结合相关性分析探讨了林下植被结构对蜘蛛群落结构的影响。结果表明农田防护林的蜘蛛个体数量最多,但多样性显著低于其他林分类型;片林和林带的蜘蛛群落组成相似,但与农田防护林的蜘蛛群落有一定的差异。结网型蜘蛛的数量在林带中最少,但多样性高于其他林分类型,农田防护林中的游猎型蜘蛛多样性显著低于其他林分类型。林下草本及灌木的密度、覆盖度及多样性对蜘蛛数量具显著影响,其中结网型蜘蛛群落结构主要受草本的影响。本研究明确了蜘蛛群落和功能多样性受不同林分类型和植被结构的不同影响,有助于了解干旱地区杨树人工林中的蜘蛛种群动态。Aims:As primary consumers in forest ecosystems,spiders play an important role in maintaining forest biodiversity and ecosystem functions.Poplar is the main afforestation tree species in arid and semi-arid areas,and the diversity of spider community structures in the forest is closely related to the health of poplar plantations.This paper aims to research the influencing factors of the spider community structure in poplar plantations in arid desert areas.Methods:Three different forest stand types(forest belt,forest block stand,and farmland shelterbelt)were selected as study areas in the carbon sink forest base of Karamay,with a total of 126 fixed plots were designated,and we utilized the trap method and sweeping web method to investigate spider diversity.The similarity and diversity of spider species structure among stand types were compared by one-way variance analysis of variance(ANOVA),non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis(NMDS),and analysis of similarity(ANOSIM),while the understory was examined using correlation analysis.The influence of understory vegetation structure on spider community structure was analyzed and discussed.Results:The results indicated that the individual numbers of spiders in farmland shelterbelt was the largest,but the diversity within this forest stand type was significantly lower than that of other stand types.The composition of the spider community in the forest block stand and forest belt were similar,but there was a gap between those types and the farmland shelterbelt.The number of web spiders was the lowest in the forest belt stand,but the diversity was higher than that of other forest stand types.The density,coverage and diversity of understory herbs and shrubs significantly promoted the number of spiders found in each stand type.Herbs had a greater impact on the community structure of web spiders than shrubs.Conclusion:Spider community structures and functional diversity are affected by different forest stand types and vegetation structures.This study enriches the content

关 键 词：林分类型 蜘蛛多样性 群落结构 功能群 优势种 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]