长江下游外来生物福寿螺的种类及其种群遗传结构  

Species identification and population genetic structure of non-native apple snails(Ampullariidea:Pomacea)in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：蒲佳佳 杨平俊 戴洋[3] 陶可欣 高磊 杜予州[5] 曹俊[3] 俞晓平 杨倩倩 Jiajia Pu;Pingjun Yang;Yang Dai;Kexin Tao;Lei Gao;Yuzhou Du;Jun Cao;Xiaoping Yu;Qianqian Yang(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection&Quarantine,College of Life Sciences,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou 310018;Suzhou Station of Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215128;Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214064;Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning,Shanghai 200232;School of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学生命科学学院,浙江省生物计量及检验检疫技术重点实验室,杭州310018 [2]苏州市植物保护植物检疫站,江苏苏州215128 [3]江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所,江苏无锡214064 [4]上海市园林科学规划研究院,上海200232 [5]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第3期113-126,共14页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1200100);国家自然科学基金(32171668);国家留学基金委促进与加澳新拉美地区科研合作与高层次人才培养项目;浙江省属高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2021YW06)。

摘　　要：福寿螺(Pomacea spp.)已广泛分布在我国长江以南各省,且逐年向北扩散。本研究采集了长江下游上海及江苏分布区11个种群的福寿螺样品,测序获得270条线粒体COI基因序列,生成10个单倍型(Hap1-10)。基于遗传距离及系统发育分析将Hap1-9鉴定为小管福寿螺(Pomaceacanaliculata),Hap10为斑点福寿螺(P.maculata)。其中,小管福寿螺在所有采样点均有分布;AMOVA层次分析将小管福寿螺种群分成跨长江分布的3个组群,且分子变异主要来源于组群间。进一步结合已发表的我国其他地区(内地和香港地区),以及日本和原产地阿根廷、巴西种群的福寿螺序列,形成包含972条COI序列的数据集进行种群遗传学分析。单倍型网络分析中,所采集的小管福寿螺种群分布于3个包含阿根廷单倍型的子网络,其中包含Hap5和Hap7的子网络在我国首次被发现,表明长江下游地区小管福寿螺从阿根廷多次入侵,并发现一个新的入侵历史事件。斑点福寿螺仅在长江以北江苏地区检测到,单倍型Hap10也是我国内地其他地区的主要单倍型,表明长江以北江苏地区的斑点福寿螺可能由国内已有分布区扩散而来,均起源于巴西。我国不同地区种群的遗传多样性比较发现,长江以南的小管福寿螺遗传多样性最高(Hd=0.627),而香港地区种群斑点福寿螺的遗传多样性最高(Hd=0.356)。基于核EF1α基因分型分析检测表明,所采集福寿螺的杂交种比例为52.6%,高于原产地种群,表明种间渐渗杂交在入侵过程中持续发生。本研究对于福寿螺监测预警及有效防控具有重要意义。Aims:Apple snails(Pomacea spp.)distribute widely in the Chinese provinces south of the Yangtze River,which are spreading to the northern regions every year.We aimed to determine the identities and distributions of Pomacea species in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Methods:In this study,we collected apple snail samples from 11 populations in Shanghai and Jiangsu Province at the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.From these samples,we sequenced 270 mitochondrial COI sequences.We retrieved the published Pomacea sequences of other Chinese populations(in the China’s mainland and Hong Kong region),Japanese populations,and the native populations in Argentina and Brazil to form a COI dataset of 972 sequences from GenBank.We first identified species based on genetic distance and phylogenetic analysis of haplotypes and then analyzed the population genetic structures based on the parsimony network under 95%parsimony limit using the COI dataset.To compare the genetic diversity of the populations from this study and other Chinese populations,we calculated the haplotype diversity(Hd),nucleotide diversity(π),and average number of nucleotide difference(k)for the populations of P.canaliculata and P.maculata.We conducted the hierarchical analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)of the populations from the south and north of the Yangtze River for P.canaliculata,due to only this species distributed in both banks.Finally,we determined the introgression patterns by genotyping the nuclear EF1αusing the primer-specific-multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results:We generated 10 haplotypes(Hap1-10)from the COI dataset,and identified Hap1-9 as P.canaliculata,and Hap10 as P.maculata.Pomacea canaliculata was found in all the surveyed populations,while P.maculata was only found in the Jiangsu populations north of the Yangtze River.The parsimony network of the populations of P.canaliculata split into three sub-networks,and each shared the haplotypes from Argentina.Notably,the sub-network containing Hap5 and Hap7 was firstly discov

关 键 词：生物入侵 分子鉴定 种群遗传多样性 COI 渐渗杂交 扩散 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]