辽宁西部地区不同生育期玉米穿透雨特征及其影响因素研究  

Study on the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Maize Throughfall at Different GrowthStages in Western Liaoning Province

作　　者：郭铭 凡久彬 杨宁[3] 何俊仕[1] GUO Ming;FAN Jiu-bin;YANG Ning;HE Jun-shi(College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Liaoning Water Conservancy and Hydropower Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Shenyang 110003,China;Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866 [2]辽宁省水利水电科学研究院有限责任公司,沈阳110003 [3]辽宁省农业科学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第4期61-66,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07601-03);水利部公益性行业科研专项(1261530110115)。

摘　　要：穿透雨是农田土壤水分的重要来源,对于农业用水管理十分重要。然而,以往不同地区的研究结果差异较大,也缺乏对玉米各生育阶段穿透雨过程的深入研究。为量化辽西地区穿透雨特征,了解不同生育期玉米透雨率过程的差异性,通过开展天然降雨试验,系统测定降雨特征、玉米形态特征及玉米全生育期穿透雨,分析辽宁西部地区不同生育期玉米穿透雨及其影响因素。结果表明:穿透雨量随降雨量的增加而增加,降雨量相同的条件下,穿透雨量在不同生育阶段呈现拔节期>成熟期>抽雄期的规律。穿透雨率随玉米叶面积指数的增加而减小。拔节期穿透雨率随降雨强度的增加而增大,但在抽穗期和成熟期这种趋势并不显著。研究区的玉米穿透雨率均值为51.44%。拔节期、抽雄期和成熟期穿透雨率均值分别为64.30%、38.93%和44.80%,同一影响因素在玉米不同生育期对穿透雨的影响效果存在差异。Throughfall is an important source of farmland soil moisture,and is very important for agricultural water management.However,the previous research results in different regions were quite different,and there was also a lack of in-depth research on the process of maize throughfall at each growth stage.The purpose of this study was to quantify the characteristics of throughfall in western Liaoning,and to deeply analyze the differences in the process of throughfall rate of maize in different growth periods.In this study,the natural rainfall experiment was carried out to systematically measure the rainfall characteristics,maize morphological characteristics and the throughfall in the whole growth period of maize,and the throughfall and its influencing factors in different growth periods of maize in western Liaoning was analyzed.The results showed that the throughfall increased with the increase of rainfall.Under the same rainfall,the throughfall in different growth stages presented the rule of jointing stage>maturity stage>tasseling stage.The throughfall rate decreased with the increase of maize LAI.The throughfall rate increased with the increase of rainfall intensity at jointing stage,but the trend was not significant at tasseling stage and maturity stage.The average throughfall rate of maize in the study area was 51.44%.The average throughfall rates at jointing stage,tasseling stage and maturity stage were 64.30%,38.93%and 44.80%,respectively.The same influencing factor had different effects on throughfall rates at different growth stages of maize.

关 键 词：天然降雨 玉米 不同生育期 穿透雨 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]