基于水动力学模拟的灌区输配水系统优化调控模式研究  

Study on Optimized Regulation Mode of Irrigation District Water Distribution System Based onWater Hydrodynamic Process Simulation

作　　者：吴彩丽 白美健[1,2,3] 张宝忠 史源[1,2,3] 侯文涛 赵智[1,2,3] WU Cai-li;BAI Mei-jian;ZHANG Bao-zhong;SHI Yuan;HOU Wen-tao;ZHAO Zhi(National Center for Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research,Beijing 100048,China;Department of Irrigation and Drainage,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;Key Laboratory of Digital Twin Watershed,Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]国家节水灌溉工程技术研究中心(北京),北京100048 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100048 [3]水利部数字孪生流域重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第4期87-95,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：兵团科技攻关项目“新疆生产建设兵团节水型社会建设典型关键技术研究与示范”(2019AB035);中国水科院创新团队项目(ID0145B022021)。

摘　　要：针对新疆建设兵团灌区目前存在的先进田间高效节水新技术对应着低水平、粗放型的运行管理,输配水已不能满足作物在滴灌技术模式下的灌溉需求,作物关键期需水得不到保障,滴灌技术难以发挥应有的效益等问题,以渠道的水动力学模拟为基础,结合特色作物棉花、红枣、玉米等典型农作物所需的滴灌灌溉制度,建立基于输配水系统水动力过程精准模拟的灌区渠道优化调控模型,并采用有限体积法和遗传算法求解。该模型在兵团典型灌区进行了示范应用,结果表明,基于输配水系统水动力过程精准模拟的灌区渠道优化调控模型,能够精准模拟渠道输配水过程,制定的输配水方案高效合理,能够缩短配水时间,减少弃水,保障作物关键期需水。在此基础上,提出了灌区输配水优化调控模式,实际灌溉中可根据灌溉需水情况采取相应的调控模式,为灌区每一次灌溉调控提供依据。Aiming at the problems that the new advanced field efficient water-saving technology in the irrigation area of Xinjiang Construction Corps corresponds to low-level and extensive operation management,water delivery and distribution can no longer meet the irrigation needs of crops under the drip irrigation technology mode,the water demand of crops in the critical period cannot be guaranteed,and the drip irrigation technology is difficult to play its due benefits,in this paper,based on the hydrodynamic simulation of the channel,combined with the drip irrigation system required by typical crops such as cotton,red dates and corn,the channel optimization regulation model of the irrigation area based on the precise simulation of the hydrodynamic process of the water transmission and distribution system was established,and the finite volume method and genetic algorithm were used to solve the problem.The model has been demonstrated and applied in typical irrigation areas of the Corps.The results show that the channel optimization regulation model proposed in this study based on the accurate simulation of the hydrodynamic process of water transmission and distribution system can accurately simulate the channel water transmission and distribution process,and the water transmission and distribution plan formulated is efficient and reasonable,which can shorten the water distribution time,reduce the waste water and ensure the water demand of crops in the critical period.On this basis,this study put forward the optimal control mode of water transport and distribution in irrigated areas,and the corresponding control mode can be adopted according to the irrigation water demand in actual irrigation to provide the basis for each irrigation control in irrigated areas.

关 键 词：灌区 水动力学 输配水 优化调控 模型求解方法 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]