考虑土壤水分层的SW模型对果园蒸散发的过程模拟  

Process Simulation of Orchard Evapotranspiration by SW Model Considering Soil MoistureLayer Variation

作　　者：黄可静 王纪超 肖俊[3] 高学睿[4] 赵西宁[2,4] HUANG Ke-jing;WANG Ji-chao;XIAO Jun;GAO Xue-rui;ZHAO Xi-ning(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [4]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第4期96-102,109,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1900701);流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室开放研究基金项目(IWHR-SKLKF202101)。

摘　　要：为改善黄土高原地区苹果树生产的缺水状况,准确量化苹果树日尺度蒸散发以指导果园用水管理,选取咸阳市淳化县马家镇苹果园为研究对象,利用加入了土壤水分层模块的SW(Shuttleworth-Wallace)模型对果园进行日尺度的蒸散发模拟,同时计算果园水分利用效率。结果表明:加入土壤水分层模块后的SW模型模拟值与实测值相关系数R^(2)=0.78,RMSE=0.63;果树蒸腾T和蒸散发ET在4-10月份呈现先增大后减小的趋势,7月份果树蒸腾量T最大为46.64 mm;水分利用效率WUE在4月份达到最高值,5-9月的WUE较低;每单位水蒸腾和蒸发产生的干物质质量GPP从3月到10月份呈现先增大后减少的趋势,在9月达到最大值32.11 g/m^(2)。总体而言,加入土壤水分层模块的SW模型可以实现果园日尺度蒸散发的模拟,综合考虑各项指标变化,应在果树关键生育期6-8月份保证水分的供应。In order to improve the water shortage of apple tree in the Loess Plateau region and to accurately quantify the daily scale evapotranspiration of apple trees to guide orchard water management,the apple orchard in Majia Town,Chunhua County,Xianyang City was selected as the research object.The daily-scale evapotranspiration in an orchard are simulated by using the SW(Shuttleworth-Wallace)model with the soil moisture layer module,and the water use efficiency of the orchard was calculated.The results showed that the simulation results of the improved SW model and the measured values were R^(2)=0.78,RMSE=0.63 mm;the transpiration and evapotranspiration of apple trees increased first and then decreased from April to October,and the maximum transpiration of fruit trees was 46.64 mm in July.Water use efficiency(WUE)reached its peak in April,while WUE was low from May to September.The dry matter mass produced by transpiration and evaporation per unit of water(GPP)increased first and then decreased from March to October,reaching the maximum value of 32.11 g/m^(2) in September.Overall,the SW model with the addition of soil moisture layer module can realize the simulation of daily scale evapotranspiration in orchards.Considering the changes of all indicators,the water supply should be ensured during the critical fertility period of fruit trees from June to August.

关 键 词：SW模型 苹果树 蒸散发过程 土壤水计算模块改进 双层土壤入渗模块 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]