不同滴灌模式下玉米光合响应特征、水分利用及生长发育  

Photosynthetic response characteristics,water use and growth and development of maize under different drip irrigation modes.

作　　者：徐晨[1] 张丽华[1] 于江[1] 赵仁杰 孙宁[1] 闫伟平[1] 赵洪祥[1] 李前[1] 张治安[2] 边少锋[1] XU Chen;ZHANG Lihua;YU Jiang;ZHAO Renjie;SUN Ning;YAN Weiping;ZHAO Hongxiang;LI Qian;ZHANG Zhian;BIAN Shaofeng(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,长春130033 [2]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第4期869-879,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程项目-人才基金(CXGC2020RCG009);吉林省农业科技创新工程项目-博士后基金(CXGC2021RCB002);吉林省农业科学院基本科研经费-自然基金(KYJF2021ZR103);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210203009SF);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-50)资助。

摘　　要：研究玉米应对不同滴灌模式的响应机制,为吉林半干旱区玉米节水高效生产提供科学依据。2020年和2021年,在可移动式防雨棚内展开试验,设置L1(垄上滴灌,300 mm)、L2(垄上滴灌,400 mm)、L3(垄上滴灌,500 mm)、Q1(浅埋滴灌,300 mm)、Q2(浅埋滴灌,400 mm)和Q3(浅埋滴灌,500 mm)共计6个处理,研究不同滴灌模式对玉米叶片光合响应特性、生长发育、产量及水分利用特性的影响。结果表明:当光量子密度超过400μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时,相同光量子密度下Q2、Q3与L3处理的净光合速率(P_(n))均显著高于L1、L2和Q1处理;L3、Q2与Q3处理的表观量子效率、光饱和点、暗呼吸速率和光饱和点时最大净光合速率在开花期和灌浆期均显著高于L1、L2和Q1处理;当CO_(2)浓度超过200μmol·mol^(-1)时,相同CO_(2)浓度条件下L1、Q1和L2处理的Pn显著低于L3、Q2和Q3处理;L3、Q2和Q3处理的CO_(2)补偿点、CO_(2)饱和点、CO_(2)饱和时最大净光合速率、Rubisco最大羧化效率、磷酸丙糖利用率和最大电子传递速率均显著高于L1、L2和Q1处理;L3、Q2和Q3处理的玉米籽粒产量、百粒质量、穗长、穗粒数及不同生育时期的干物质量和叶面积指数均显著高于L1、L2和Q1处理;上述玉米的叶片光合响应参数、生长发育及产量形成等指标在L3、Q2和Q3处理间均无显著性差异;Q2处理的水分利用效率显著高于其余5个处理。采用Q2处理的玉米在光合响应特性、生长发育、产量形成和水分利用上均表现较佳,实现了玉米增产、水分高效,为吉林半干旱区玉米高效生产和应用浅埋滴灌技术时制定灌溉制度提供了科学依据。Revealing the mechanism underlying the responses of maize to different drip irrigation modes can provide a theoretical basis for water saving and efficient maize production.During 2020 and 2021,an experiment was carried out in movable rainproof sheds in Jilin semi-arid area.Six treatments were set,including L1(ridge drip irrigation,300 mm),L2(ridge drip irrigation,400 mm),L3(ridge drip irrigation,500 mm),Q1(shallow buried drip irrigation,300 mm),Q2(shallow buried drip irrigation,400 mm),and Q3(shallow buried drip irrigation,500 mm).We examined the effects of different drip irrigation modes on photosynthetic variables,growth and development,yield and water use characteristics of maize.The results showed that net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))of Q2,Q3,and L3 treatments was significantly higher than that of L1,L2,and Q1 treatments at the same light quantum density,when the optical quantum density exceeded 400μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1).The apparent quantum efficiency,light saturation point,dark respiration rate,and maximum net photosynthetic rate at light saturation point of L3,Q2 and Q3 treatments were significantly higher than those of L1,L2 and Q1 treatments at flowering stage and filling stage.The Pn of L1,Q1,and L2 treatments was significantly lower than that of L3,Q2,and Q3 treatments at the same CO_(2)concentration when it exceeded 200μmol·mol^(-1).The CO_(2)compensation point,CO_(2)saturation point,maximum net photosynthetic rate,Rubisco maximum carboxylation efficiency,propyl phosphate utilization and maximum electron transfer rate of L3,Q2,and Q3 treatments were significantly higher than those of L1,L2,and Q1 treatments.The grain yield,100-grain weight,ear length,number of grains per ear,dry matter mass and leaf area index of L3,Q2,and Q3 treatments at different growth stages were significantly higher than those of L1,L2,and Q1 treatments.There was no difference in the photosynthetic response parameters,growth,and yield formation of maize leaves among L3,Q2 and Q3 treatments.Water use efficiency of Q2 treatment wa

关 键 词：玉米 滴灌 生长发育 水分利用特性 光合响应 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S275.6