黑心菊(Rudbeckia hirta)对陇东黄土高原油污土壤植物修复效应  

Phytoremediation effect of Rudbeckia hirta on crude oil-contaminated soils in the Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu Province

作　　者：王金成 井明博 张威 章高森 张昺林 刘光琇 WANG Jincheng;JING Mingbo;ZHANG Wei;ZHANG Gaosen;ZHANG Binglin;LIU Guangxiu(Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering of Gansu Province,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration,Longdong University,Qingyang 745000,Gansu,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙漠与沙漠化研究室,兰州730000 [2]甘肃省极端环境微生物资源与工程重点实验室中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州730000 [3]甘肃省陇东生物资源保护利用与生态修复重点实验室,甘肃庆阳745000 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第4期933-945,共13页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860148);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(20JR5RA548);甘肃省自然基金项目(21JR1RM333);2021年甘肃省省委组织部陇原青年人才创新创业项目;甘肃省庆阳市科技计划项目(QY-STK-2022A-145);陇东学院博士基金项目(XYBYZK2208)资助。

摘　　要：为了揭示黑心菊(Rudbeckia hirta)对陇东黄土高原油污土壤的植物修复效应,在长庆油田公司实施为期5个月的场地修复试验,测定了不同浓度油污土壤胁迫时黑心菊土壤总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbons,TPH)去除率、生长指标、土壤理化性质和酶活性以及微生物群落结构的变化。结果显示:(1)3%、6%和8%油污土壤中黑心菊根区土壤TPH去除率分别为73.44%、81.28%和36.80%;(2)油污浓度≤6%土壤对黑心菊株高、根长、地下部干重、根活力和根冠比有明显促进作用,但当浓度≥8%时则产生了显著抑制作用(P<0.05);(3)与对照组(CK)相比,黑心菊在有效增加根区土壤碱解氮和速效磷含量以及土壤脱氢酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的同时显著减低了土壤pH(P<0.05);(4)微生物群落结构的LEfSe组间差异分析结果表明,Idiomarina属、嗜盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、盐厌氧菌属(Halanaerobium)、Balneolaceae属和Fodinicurvataceae属、纤细单胞菌属(Cellulomonas)、食烷菌属(Alcanivorax)、Fodinicurvata属是3%~6%油污浓度范围内黑心菊根区土壤差异指示菌;(5)非度量多维尺度(NMDS)排序和方差分解结果显示,当油污浓度≤6%,黑心菊通过增加根活力、地下部干重和根冠比、根区土壤脱氢酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶、碱解氮含量和微生物群落丰富度和多样性的方式提高了根区TPH去除率。综上所述,黑心菊可作为陇东黄土高原地区原油污染土壤植物修复的备选植物品种,但油污浓度不应超过6%。To evaluate the phytoremediation effects of Rudbeckia hirta on the crude oil-contaminated soils in Longdong of the Loess Plateau,a five-month in situ remediation experiment was carried out in PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company.We analyzed the removal rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH),plant growth indices,soil physicochemical properties,soil enzyme activities,and microbial community structure in root-zone soils of R.hirta with different contents of crude oil.The results showed that:(1)In the contaminated soils with 3%,6%,and 8%crude oil,TPH removal rates were 73.44%,81.28%,and 36.80%,respectively;(2)The contaminated soils with 6%or less crude oil significantly promoted plant height,root length,root dry weight,root vigor and root-shoot ratio of R.hirta,but that with 8%or higher crude oil significantly inhibited plant growth(P<0.05);(3)Com-pared with CK,planting R.hirta effectively increased the contents of soil available N,available P,the activities of dehydrogenase,polyphenol oxidase,urease and alkaline phosphatase in root-zone soil,and significantly reduced pH of root-zone soil(P<0.05).(4)Results of LEfSe analysis showed that the genera Idiomarina,Halomonas,Halanaerobium,Balneolaceae,Fodinicurvataceae,Cellulomonas,Alcanivorax,Fodinicurvata were indicators of soil differences in the root zone of R.hirta under the range of 3%-6%oil concentration.(5)The results of non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)ordination and variance decomposition analysis showed that phytoremediation effects of R.hirta improved TPH removal rates by increasing root vigor,root dry weight and root-shoot ratio,activities of dehydrogenase,polyphenol oxidase and urease,available N content,and the richness and diversity of microorganisms of root-zone soil when crude oil concentration was at 6%or less.In summary,our results indicated that R.hirta could be potentially used for phytoremediation of crude oil-contaminated soil in Longdong of the Loess Plateau,but the crude oil concentration should not exceed 6%.

关 键 词：油污土壤 植物修复 黑心菊 黄土高原 场地修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173