依法行政视野下网络谣言的治理研究——基于2021年以来公安机关行政处罚案件的分析  

On Governance of Online Rumors from the Perspective of Law-based Administration——Based on the Analysis of Administrative Punishment Cases Enforced by Public Security Organs since 2021

作　　者：姚福生[1] Yao Fusheng(Shanghai Univerrity of International Business and Economics,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学纪委综合办公室,上海201620

出　　处：《西北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期87-96,共10页Journal of Northwest Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：2022年度上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“处置网络谣言的法治对策研究”(项目编号:2022BKS009)。

摘　　要：依法治理网络谣言是推进依法治国、加强网络治理、维护网络安全的题中之意。作为网络谣言治理的常见手段,行政治理往往依托具体的行政执法措施。通过对149个公安行政处罚案件的分析,在从主观过错、违法情形、危害后果、处罚依据、处罚措施等方面梳理当前网络谣言相关行政处罚基本现状的同时也发现,当前行政治理实践还存在一定的不足,法律法规和具体法条的适用表现出一定的随意性。进一步推进网络谣言的依法行政治理,应该坚持主观归责原则,作出行政处罚必须要求违法行为人具有故意违法的事实,行政机关应当对该违法事实承担举证责任。要进一步提高行政执法水平,正确处理不同法律法规之间的选择适用和同一法律法规不同法条适用中的竞合问题。要规范行使自由裁量权,加强内部的量罚均衡化工作和外部的执法监督。要合理界定网络平台在网络谣言治理中的法定义务,对于“明显”的网络谣言,采取倒置的策略,由网络平台对自身的责任履行情况进行举证,以此进一步压实网络平台的法律责任。The law-based governance of online rumors is the key to promoting the law-based govern ance of China,strengthening cyber governance,and maintaining cyber security.As a common cyber governance means,the law-based governance usually relies on specific administrative enforcement measures.Through the analysis of 149 administrative punishment cases enforced by public security or gans,the article has combed the current situation of administrative punishment concerning current on­line rumors in terms of subjective fault,violations,harmful consequences,punitive basis,punitive measures,etc.There are still some deficiencies in the practice of current administrative governance,such as randomness in the application of laws and regulations and specific provisions of laws.To fur­ther promote the law-based governance of online rumors,we should stick to the principle of subjective imputation,the enforcement of administrative punishment must be based on the fact that the lawbreak er intentionally broke the law,and the administrative organs should bear the burden of proof for the violation.To further promote administrative law enforcement,it is necessary to handle the selection and application of different laws and regulations and the competition and cooperation in the application of different provisions of the same law and regulation.It is necessary to standardize the exercise of the discretionary power.strengthen the internal balance of sentencing and punishment and the external en forcement supervision.It is necessary to reasonably define the statutory obligations of online platforms in the governance of online rumors.For“obvious”online rumors,it is necessary to adopt the inverted strategy,and the online platform should prove the performance of their responsibility so as to further consolidate the legal responsibility of the network platforms.

关 键 词：网络谣言 行政处罚 依法治理 过错归责 网络平台 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]