宅基地使用权抵押的现实困境与破解之维——基于578份裁判文书的分析  

The Realistic Dilemma and Solution of Mortage of Homestead Use Right—Based on the Analysis of 578 Judgment Documents

作　　者：张佑 周俊强 Zhang You;Zhou Junqiang

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学马克思主义学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2023年第3期70-78,共9页Henan Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国农地金融创新的城乡收入分配效应研究”(19BJL104);安徽省高校人文社会科学研究重点项目“乡村振兴战略背景下安徽农村集体经济组织法律人格重构”(SK2019A0599);安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划项目(gxyq2022090)。

摘　　要：宅基地使用权抵押是在不改变财产归属和利用关系的状态下,对财产价值的进一步发挥,是乡村振兴中赋予农民财产权益绕不开的话题。相对于法条上的严苛禁令,宅基地使用权抵押的实践则生动活泼,农民采用宅基地使用权抵押的行动早已悄然成风。基于裁判文书的分析清晰表明,宅基地使用权担保是农民普遍存在的产权诉求,宅基地财产担保功能的发挥存在多重困境。农民的土地财产权法律认知不足、农地的社会保障属性、产权确认不充分、宅基地流转障碍共同影响了宅基地使用权担保功能的实现。宅基地使用权能否抵押?社会各部门之间虽有行动偏差,但也存在趋同性空间。宅基地使用权抵押是农民的产权融资行为,未来应以有限抵押为原则设计相关制度。具体而言,就是立足于顶层设计落实农民的居住保障,着眼于居住升级完善金融供给,完善抵押配套制度以促成抵押担保的实现。Mortage of homestead use right is the further development of property value without changing the property ownership and utilization relationship,and is an inseparable topic in rural revitalization.Compared with the strict prohibition of the law,the practice of mortage of homestead use right is lively,and the action of farmers’mortage of homestead use right has already become popular quietly.The analysis based on the judgment documents clearly shows that mortage of homestead use right is a common property claim of farmers,and there are multiple dilemmas in the exertion of homestead property guarantee function.The realization of homestead guarantee is affected by farmers’cognition of land property rights,rural land’s social security function,inadequate confirmation of property rights,and obstacles to circulation.Can the homestead use right be mortgaged?Although there is action deviation among all sectors of society,there is also room for convergence.Mortage of homestead use right is the property right financing behavior of farmers.In the future,relevant systems should be designed based on the principle of limited mortgage.Specifically,it is based on the top-level design to implement the residential security of farmers,focusing on residential upgrading to improve the financial supply,and improving the mortgage supporting system to facilitate the realization of security.

关 键 词：宅基地使用权抵押 土地财产权 宅基地制度改革 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]