2019至2021年8类公共场所热环境及人体热舒适性评价  

Evaluation of thermal environment and human thermal comfort in 8 types of public places from 2019 to 2021

作　　者：朱晶颖 张熙[1] 黄春华[1] 王琳[1] 陈茸[1] 丁新良[1] Zhu Jingying;Zhang Xi;Huang Chunhua;Wang Lin;Chen Rong;Ding Xinliang(Department of Environmental Health,Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University),Wuxi 214023,China)

机构地区：[1]无锡市疾病预防控制中心(南京医科大学附属无锡疾病预防控制中心)环境卫生科,无锡214023

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2023年第3期189-197,共9页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：无锡市卫生健康委拔尖人才资助计划(HB2020098、BJ2020095);无锡市科技局项目(锡科社[2020]259号);无锡市卫生健康委员会项目(Z202119、LCZX2021006、M202047、Q202165)。

摘　　要：目的评价不同类别公共场所热环境以及从业人员的热舒适度,为微小气候的标准制定和卫生监督要求提供科学依据。方法于2019年6月至2021年12月,选取无锡市8大类公共场所共50家(178家次),包括宾馆(酒店)、游泳场(馆)、沐浴场所、商场(超市)、理发店、美容店、候车室、健身房。分别在夏季和冬季测定各类场所温度、风速等微小气候指标,结合场所从业人员工作着装和体力活动情况。应用Fanger热舒适方程和CBE热舒适计算工具,按照美国采暖制冷和空调工程师协会(ASHRAE)55-2020标准,评价预期平均评价指标(PMV)、预测不满意百分数(PPD)和标准有效温度(SET)等热舒适指标,并分析季节、调温状态等因素对热舒适度的修饰效应。比较GB 37488-2019《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》与ASHRAE 55-2020对热环境评价结果的一致性情况。结果宾馆、理发场所工作人员和健身房前台工作人员热感觉适中,而游泳场所救生员、沐浴场所保洁人员和健身房教练等夏冬季热感觉均为稍暖。候车室保洁和工作人员、商场工作人员在夏季热感觉稍暖,冬季热感觉适中;沐浴场所服务人员在冬季感觉稍暖,美容场所工作人员在冬季感觉稍凉。夏季宾馆保洁人员和商场工作人员的热舒适符合度均低于冬季(χ^(2)=7.01、7.22,P=0.008、0.007)。空调关闭状态下商场工作人员的热舒适符合度高于空调开启状态(χ^(2)=7.01,P=0.008)。不同卫生监督量化分级等级宾馆前台工作人员SET值差异有统计学意义(F=3.30,P=0.024)。三星级及以上宾馆前台工作人员的PPD值、SET值,以及宾馆保洁人员的PPD值均低于三星级以下宾馆(P<0.05);三星级及以上宾馆前台工作人员和保洁人员的热舒适符合度均高于三星级以下宾馆(χ^(2)=8.33、8.09,P=0.016、0.018)。两项标准评价各类场所热环境的一致性在候车室工作人员(100.0%,1/1)中最高,而健身房前�Objective To evaluate the thermal environment of different types of public places and the thermal comfort of employees,so as to provide scientific basis for the establishment of microclimate standards and health supervision requirements.Methods From June 2019 to December 2021,50 public places(178 times)of 8 categories in Wuxi were selected,including hotels,swimming pools(gymnasiums),bathing places,shopping malls(supermarkets),barber shops,beauty shops,waiting rooms(bus station)and gyms.In summer and winter,microclimate indicators such as temperature and wind speed were measured in all kinds of places,combined with the work attire and physical activity of employees in the places.Fanger thermal comfort equation and center for the built environment(CBE)thermal comfort calculation tool were used to evaluate the predicted mean vote(PMV),predicted percent dissatisfied(PPD)and standard effective temperature(SET)according to the American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers(ASHRAE)55-2020.The modification effects of seasonal and temperature control conditions on thermal comfort were analyzed.The consistency of GB 37488-2019"Hygienic Indicators and Limits in Public Places"and ASHRAE 55-2020 evaluation results on thermal environment was compared.Results The thermal sensation of hotel,barber shop staff and the gym front-desk staff were moderate,while the thermal sensation of swimming place lifeguard,bathing place cleaning staff and gym trainer were slightly warm in summer and winter.Waiting room(bus station)cleaning and working staff,shopping mall staff felt slightly warm in summer and moderate in winter.Service staff in bathing places felt slightly warm in winter,while staff in beauty salons felt slightly cool in winter.The thermal comfort compliance of hotel cleaning staff and shopping mall staff in summer was lower than that in winter(χ^(2)=7.01,7.22,P=0.008,0.007).The thermal comfort compliance of shopping mall staff in the condition of air conditioning off was higher than that in the conditi

关 键 词：微小气候 热舒适 热环境 公共场所 预期平均评价指标 预测不满意百分数 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]