汉宋之间药用蛇的知识史  

Snakes as a source of drugs from the Han to the Song Dynasties

作　　者：刘雨茁 王育林 Liu Yuzhuo;Wang Yulin(School of Chinese Classics,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学国学院,北京100029

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》2023年第1期3-7,共5页Chinese Journal of Medical History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(18BZS174)。

摘　　要：梳理从汉代到宋代药用蛇的知识史。汉魏晋时期,由于对蛇的崇拜与恐惧,蛇药的应用并不广泛,仅散见于南方地区,而南方民众嗜蛇的风习很有可能是使用蛇胆、蛇肉入药的起源。唐代多用蚺蛇、蝮蛇入药,主要用于治疗疮、麻风等疾病,乌蛇的使用则稍晚,未见于唐代本草,笔记中有零星记载。晚唐至北宋初年,乌蛇、白花蛇被广泛用于医疗实践,并被正式收入本草文献,主要用以治疗广义的风疾,其有效性、稀有性、高价值以及毒性禁忌被反复强调。而蚺蛇、蝮蛇则逐渐淡出了医家的视野。This paper examined the history of snakes as a source of drugs from the Han to the Song Dynasties.Snake products,for medicinal purposes,were not widely used in the Han,Wei and Jin Dynasties out of worship and fear of snakes.The source of snake products taken for medical purposes might be partly because local people ate snakes in the South area.Palace snakes and pit viper products were taken as drugs in the Tang Dynasty for the treatment of leprosy and ulcers of the female external genitals.Zaocysdhumnades were seldom used as medicine because they were not recorded in medical documents in the Tang Dynasty,but only seen in some notes.They were widely used in medical practice in the late Tang and the early Song Dynasties and were formally recorded in medical documents for the diseases caused by Wind.Their effectiveness,rarity,high value and toxicity contraindication were repeatedly stressed while palace snakes and pit vipers were seldom mentioned and used.

关 键 词：药用蛇 蚺蛇 乌蛇 白花蛇 知识史 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学] K244[历史地理—中国史] R2-09[医药卫生—中医学]