海带晚熟杂交品种孢子囊形成的条件优化  

Optimization of the Conditions for the Sorus Formation of a Later Maturing Hybrid Variety of Saccharina japonica

作　　者：刘义 梁洲瑞[1] 张朋艳 袁艳敏 吴宇坤 刘福利[2] 戴宏亮 Liu Yi;Liang Zhourui;Zhang Pengyan;Yuan Yanmin;Wu Yukun;Liu Fuli;Dai Hongliang(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Yantai Fenghong Marine Seeds Company Limited,Yantai 265617,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]中国海洋大学海洋生物遗传学与育种教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [3]烟台丰泓海洋苗业有限公司,山东烟台265617

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期61-70,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目(2021LZGC004);国家重点研究发展计划项目(2018YFD0900305);国家现代农业产业技术体系藻类体系项目(CARS-50);山东省重点研究发展计划项目(2021LZGC004)资助。

摘　　要：为优化诱导海带(Saccharina japonica)孢子囊形成的培养条件,本研究以晚熟的海带杂交品种为材料,比较了不同温度、光照强度、营养盐浓度、脱落酸浓度、孢子体横切、海带培养方式等培养条件对海带孢子囊形成的影响,确定了影响海带孢子囊形成的主要环境因素,筛选了室内促进海带孢子囊形成的最适培养条件。研究表明:在光照强度20~100μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)充气培养时,孢子体两面均能形成孢子囊,在光照强度60~100μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)时孢子囊成熟较快;室内培养的受光面与海上养殖的受光面是否一致对最终形成的孢子囊面积无显著影响,但背光一侧的孢子囊面积显著高于向光一侧(P<0.05)。横切能够促进孢子囊的形成,但最终的孢子囊面积无显著差异(P>0.05)。在孢子囊发育过程中需要充足的营养盐,其中N 5 mg/L+P 0.5 mg/L能较快地促进孢子囊发育,添加1×10^(-6)~1×10^(-5)mol/L的外源脱落酸也能促进孢子囊形成。温度是影响海带孢子囊成熟的最主要环境因素,培养温度为17℃时孢子囊形成最快。Fe^(3+)通过增加氮磷营养盐的吸收促进孢子囊的发育增殖,在培养液中添加外源Fe^(3+)能够明显延缓孢子囊的形成,但对最终形成的孢子囊面积无显著影响。综上所述,室内诱导海带孢子囊形成的最适培养条件为:温度17℃、光照周期8∶16(L∶D)、光照强度60~100μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、营养盐浓度N 5 mg/L+P 0.5 mg/L、脱落酸浓度1×10^(-6)~1×10^(-5)mol/L、不额外添加Fe^(3+)。本研究结果可用于适时诱导晚熟杂交海带形成孢子囊和晚熟杂交海带的夏苗培育生产。Hybrid kelp often has excellent traits beyond its parents.However,the sorus of the hybrid kelp tends to form later.In order to optimize the culture conditions for kelp sorus formation,we compared the culture condition combination of sever factors such as temperature,light intensity,nutrient salt concentration,abscisic acid concentration,sporophyte cross-cutting,and kelp culture method to determine the optimal conditions for sorus induction.The main environmental factors which affected sorus formation were identified,and the most suitable conditions for kelp sorus formation were optimized.Studies showed that sorus formed on both sides of the sporophyte in an inflatable culture under light intensity 20~100μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),and sorus matured faster at light intensity 60~100μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1).Whether the light-receiving surface was the same during indoor and outdoor culture did not significantly affect the formation of sorus area in total,but the sorus area was significantly higher on the backlit side than on the light-receiving side when cultured indoor(P<0.05).Transverse cuts can promote the formation of sorus,but there was no significant difference in sorus area when culture was longer for a certain period of time(P>0.05).Adequate nutrient salts were required during sorus development.The nutrition salt concentration of 5 mg/L N+0.5 mg/L P can promote the development of sorus,and 1×10^(-6)~1×10^(-5) mol/L exogenous abscisic acid also has the positive effect on sorus formation.Temperature was the most important environmental factor affecting the formation and maturation of kelp sorus,and sorus formed the fastest at 17℃.Fe 3+could promote developmental proliferation by promoting the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient salts.However,exogenous Fe 3+could significantly delay the formation of sorus without significantly effect on the area of the finally formed sorus.Overall,the most appropriate conditions for kelp sorus formation were as follows:temperature 17℃,light cycle 8∶16(L∶D),light inte

关 键 词：海带 孢子囊 杂交品种 海带养殖 条件优化 

分 类 号：S968.42[农业科学—水产养殖]