贵州特有植物滑壳柯群落学特征及多样性的研究  

Community characteristics and species diversity of Lithocarpus levis,a plant endemic to Guizhou

作　　者：杨礼旦 陈应强 YANG Lidan;CHEN Yingqiang(Taijiang Forestry Bureau,Taijiang 556300,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省台江县林业局,贵州台江556300

出　　处：《贵州科学》2023年第2期59-65,共7页Guizhou Science

摘　　要：目的:为了解滑壳柯(Lithocarpus levis Chun et C.C.Huang)群落结构特征和多样性状况,更好地保护和利用滑壳柯资源。方法:采用样地调查的方法对贵州特有植物滑壳柯进行调查。结果:群落有植物41科55属65种(含种以下等级),其中蕨类植物1科1属1种;种子植物40科54属64种。在种子植物中,裸子植物2科2属2种;被子植物38科52属62种,群落物种较多、物种组成较复杂;植物区系成分为热带性质。群落乔木层重要值云贵鹅耳枥(0.1394)最大,滑壳柯(0.1321)次之,为建群种;灌木层以狭叶方竹最大;草本层以竹叶草最大;滑壳柯径级只有Ⅴ级,年龄断层现象严重,是衰退型种群,白辛树种群从Ⅰ级至Ⅳ级都有分布,是增长型种群;高度级云贵鹅耳枥、锥栗、滑壳柯占据本群落的最高级Ⅶ级,是群落的主林层。群落丰富度指数为灌木层>乔木层>草本层;优势度指数为草本层>乔木层>灌木层;H多样性指数为乔木层>草本层>灌木层;均匀度指数为草本层>乔木层>灌木层。灌木层物种丰富度最明显;草本层优势度最明显;乔木层H多样性指数最高,草本层次之;草本层均匀度指数最大,乔木层次之。结论:滑壳柯是贵州特有植物,分布狭窄,现存的数量少,自然状况下只开花不结果,加速种群的衰退,面临着灭绝风险,理应加强保护。The purpose of this study is to understand the community structure and diversity of Lithocarpus levis Chun et C.C.Huang,and to better protect and utilize its resources.The investigation was carried out by using the method of sample plot investigation.In the community,there were 65 species of plants,belonging to 55 genera and 41 families,including 1 species(1 genus,1 family)of pteridophyte,and 64 species(54 genera,40 families)of seed plants.Among the seed plants,there were 2 species(2 genera,2 families)of gymnosperms,and 62 species(52 genera,38 families)of angiosperms.The floristic composition was tropical in nature.In the tree layer,Carpinus pubescens(0.1394)had the highest importance value,followed by Lithocarpus levis(0.1321).In the shrub layer,Chimonobambusa angustifolia had the highest importance value.In the herb layer,Oplismenus compositus had the highest importance value.The normal diameter of Lithocarpus levis was only grade V,and the age fault was great,which indicated that it was a declining population.The diameter of Pterostyrax psilophyllus was distributed from grade I to grade IV,which indicated that it was a growing population.Carpinus pubescens,Castanea henryi and Lithocarpus levis occupied the highest height grade(VII)of the community,and were the main forest layer of the community.The community richness index was shrub layer>herb layer>tree layer.The dominance index was herb layer>tree layer>shrub layer.H diversity index:tree layer>herb layer>shrub layer.The evenness index was herb layer>tree layer>shrub layer.The species richness of the shrub layer was the most obvious,while the dominant degree of the herb layer was the most obvious.In conclusion,Lithocarpus levis is a unique plant in Guizhou,with narrow distribution and a small number of existing plants.Under natural conditions,it only blossoms without bearing fruit,which accelerates the decline of the population.Lithocarpus levis is facing the risk of extinction,and needs better protection.

关 键 词：滑壳柯 群落特征 物种多样性 贵州特有 

分 类 号：Q949[生物学—植物学]