长三角小流域水文观测试验与产汇流机制  

Hydrological Experiment and Rainfall-Runoff Characteristics of Small Watersheds in the Yangtze River Delta Region

作　　者：赵艳 王强[2] 高斌[2] 林芷欣 于志慧[2] 许有鹏[2] 傅维军 ZHAO Yan;WANG Qiang;GAO Bin;LIN Zhixin;YU Zhihui;XU Youpeng;FU Weijun(Yinzhou Water Conservancy Bureau,Zhejiang Province,Ningbo 315012,China;School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省宁波市鄞州区水利局,浙江宁波315012 [2]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《水文》2023年第2期72-77,共6页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42101020);江苏省水利科技项目(2021010);中国博士后科学基金(2021M691529)。

摘　　要：变化环境下洪涝灾害呈加剧趋势,探讨暴雨洪水响应机理成为了地理、水文等学科关注的重难点问题之一。本研究基于野外综合对比观测试验,探讨了不同土地利用/覆被下的土壤水响应特征及产汇流机制。结果表明:长三角地区长时间序列土壤含水率季节性变化较小,其变化幅度总体表现为表层和汛期较大,而深层和非汛期较小。杨梅林纵剖面土壤含水率从上到下呈现逐渐增加的趋势,而耕地和竹林趋势相反。从表层到深层,山坡地、城镇用地和荒地土壤含水率呈现反S型、W型和V型波动变化特征。试验流域洪水特征与总降雨量相关性较强,蓄满产流是该地区主要产流方式。城市化区域不透水面扩张,导致降雨下渗减少,径流系数增加,从而使得洪峰水位上升。Under the nowadays changing environment,the disasters of rainstorm flood show increasing trend,however,due to the scarcity of observational data and the complexity of hydrological processes,revealing hydrologic response mechanisms have be⁃come one of the key and difficult issues in geography,hydrology,and so on.Based on two closed drainage basins in the Yang⁃tze River Delta,comparative field observation experiments were carried out to explore the hydrological response and the mecha⁃nism of runoff generation under different land use/cover conditions.The results show that the seasonal variation of soil moisture content in the long time series due to the humid climate in the Yangtze River Delta region.The deviation coefficient of soil mois⁃ture content is larger in surface layer and flood season,but lower in deep layer and non-flood season.The soil moisture content in the longitudinal profile of bayberry forest increased gradually from surface to bottom layer,while the trend was opposite for cul⁃tivated land and bamboo forest.From surface to deep layer,soil moisture content of hillslope,urban land and wasteland showed reverse S-,W-and V-shaped fluctuation trend in the longitudinal profile.There is a strong correlation between flood charac⁃teristics and total rainfall,indicating the dominant role of runoff generation under saturated condition.Moreover,the flood charac⁃teristics are mainly influenced by the physical geographical characteristics and rainfall,while the antecedent conditions have rela⁃tively little influence in humid region.The increase of water level and unit rainfall water level in Yinjiang experimental basin with a higher impervious water level ratio were higher than that in Hualongxi experimental basin,which indicates that the expan⁃sion of impervious water surface in urbanization area may lead to the decrease of rainfall infiltration and the increase of runoff coefficient,and thus leading to the rise of flood peak.

关 键 词：变化环境 野外对比观测试验 水文响应 产汇流特征 长三角 

分 类 号：P332[天文地球—水文科学]