肯尼迪政府、美国国内政治与核禁试问题  

The Kennedy Administration,Domestic Politics in the U.S.and Nuclear Test Ban

作　　者：赵学功[1] 党程程 Zhao Xuegong;Dang Chengcheng

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心

出　　处：《世界近现代史研究》2022年第2期213-233,353,共22页Studies of Modern World History

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“美国的非政府组织与东西方冷战研究”(项目号:17ZDA 224)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪60年代初期,美国国内围绕是否恢复核试验问题展开了激烈争论。出于政治上的考虑,肯尼迪政府决定全面恢复核试验。另外,鉴于国内外舆论的强大压力,美国、英国和苏联继续就核禁试问题进行谈判,于1963年8月签署了部分禁止核试验条约,从而在限制核军备竞赛方面迈出了具有实质性意义的一步,为日后双方在该领域的进一步谈判并达成协议奠定了基础。为谋求美国国会和民众对该条约的支持,肯尼迪政府做了大量工作。不论是在美苏谈判期间还是在部分禁止核试验条约的批准过程中,美国国内政治一直是至关重要的影响因素。In the early 1960s,there was a debate in the United States about whether to resume nuclear testing.The Kennedy Administration decided to resume underground and atmospheric nuclear testing out of political consideration.However,under the strong pressure of public opinion at home and abroad,the United States,Britain and the Soviet Union continued to nuclear test ban talks and signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty in August 1963,which was a substantive step in limiting the nuclear arms race and laid a foundation for further negotiations.The Kennedy administration worked hard to seek the support of the US Congress and the people for the treaty.The domestic politics of the United States had always been a crucial factor during the test ban talks and ratification process of the treaty.

关 键 词：肯尼迪政府 核禁试 美国国会 部分禁止核试验条约 冷战 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]