日本对外援助制度之考察与借鉴——兼论我国对外援助机制的完善  

Examination and Implications of Japanese Foreign Aid System:With a View to Improving China's Foreign Aid Mechanism

作　　者：韩永红[1] 黎静宜 Han Yonghong;Li Jingyi

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学法学院,广州510700 [2]广东外语外贸大学,广州510700

出　　处：《日本研究》2023年第1期37-48,共12页Japan Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国对外援助基本法构建研究”(19BFX200)。

摘　　要：出于国家利益需要,日本通过制定纲领性文件和法律等规范为对外援助的运行提供机制保障。在《官方发展援助大纲》的指导下,日本形成了贯穿决策、执行、监督评价等环节的对外援助管理机制。其中,上下协同、分工明确的组织架构是对外援助高效执行的基础,而多元化的对外援助主体与官方发展援助形成互补。在此基础上,日本还积极探索三方合作模式。此外,独立客观的评价体系确保了对外援助的效果。日本对外援助机制的构建和运行经验值得我国借鉴。我国应系统完善对外援助法律体系、优化内部职能机构设置、丰富对外援助合作模式和健全对外援助监督制度,构建具有中国特色的对外援助机制。For the needs of national interests,Japan has formulated laws and programmatic documents to provide operational guarantees for foreign aid.Under the guidance of Japan's Development Cooperation Charter,Japan has formed a foreign aid management mechanism that runs through decision-making,implementation,supervision and evaluation.Among them,an organizational structure with a clear division of labor and coordination is the basis for the efficient implementation of foreign aid,and diversified foreign aid entities complement ODA.On this basis,Japan is also actively exploring trilateral cooperation models.In addition,an independent and objective evaluation system ensures the effectiveness of foreign aid.At present,there are some problems in China's foreign aid,such as insufficient coordination of participating departments,low transparency of aid,and single aid mode.The construction and operation experience of Japan's foreign aid mechanism is worthy of our reference.China should systematically improve the legal system of foreign aid,optimize the establishment of internal functional organizations,enrich the mode of foreign aid cooperation and perfect the supervision system of foreign aid,and establish a foreign aid mechanism with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：对外援助 《官方发展援助大纲》 非政府组织 监督评价 

分 类 号：D83[政治法律—政治学] D87[政治法律—外交学]