羽毛球单打比赛时间结构与能量供应特征的研究综述及训练启示  

Temporal Structure and Energy Supply Characteristics of Singles Badminton Matches:Review and Training Insights

作　　者：王适娴 郭振向 WANG Shixian;GUO Zhenxiang(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]南京航空航天大学,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2023年第4期3-10,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：通过综述国内外相关文献,总结羽毛球单打比赛的时间结构和能量供应特征并结合经验得到训练启示。研究显示:男单比赛的持续时间约为24.5~78.0 min、实际比赛时间约为7.2~17.7 min、回合时间约为5.6~12.1 s、每回合拍数约为6.5~12.0、回合间的间歇约为17.3~45.5 s;女单比赛的持续时间约为28.3~61.3 min、实际比赛时间约为8.2~13.3 min、回合时间约为7.8~13.0 s、每回合的拍数约为6.6~10.5、回合间的间歇时长约为17.6~36.6 s。单打比赛中的平均心率(HR_(mean))能达到实际最大心率的80%以上,而最大心率(HR_(max))更是能达到90%以上。峰值血乳酸浓度可达到3.2~10.1 mmol/L。摄氧量约为最大摄氧量(VO2_(max))的72%~76%。训练启示:单打比赛的时间结构和能量供应特征可以作为明确训练负荷的依据。在专项训练方面,建议男单延长有球训练时间,进行分段训练,提高运动员在相持阶段中的变速能力和以赛代练;女单可以在拉长训练时间的基础上适当增加一些变速训练,增加击球准确性的训练,参考男单的多球训练和以赛代练来提高竞技能力以及对比赛的掌控能力。在体能训练方面,可以使用依据时间结构特点来设置参数的高强度间歇训练作为训练方法。在训练转化方面,可以采取由基础储备到专项融合的转化训练策略将训练能力转化到比赛的运动表现中。Through a literature review to summarize the temporal structure and energy supply characteristics of singles badminton matches and obtain training insights combined with training experience.The study shows that:The duration of the men's singles match is about 24.5 to 78.0 min,the real match time is about 7.2 to 17.7 min,the rally time is about 5.6 to 12.1 s,the shot per rally is about 6.5 to 12.0,and the interval between rallies is about 17.3 to 45.5 s;the duration of women's singles match is about 28.3 to 61.3 min,the real match time is about 8.2 to 13.3 min,the rally time is about 7.8 to 13.0 s,the shot per rally is about 6.6 to 10.5,and the interval between rallies is about 17.6 to 36.6 s.The mean heart rate(HR)in singles matches can reach more than 80%of the actual HR_(max),and the maximum HR can reach more than 90%.The peak blood lactate can reach 3.2 to 10.1 mmol/L,and the oxygen uptake is about 72%to 76%VO2_(max).Training insights:The temporal structure and energy supply characteristics of singles matches can be used as a basis for clarifying the training load.In terms of special training,it is suggested that men's singles should extend the training time with balls,conduct segmented training,improve the players'ability to change speed during the phase of holding,and train with matches;women's singles can increase some variable speed training,increase the training of hitting accuracy,multi-ball training refers to the men's singles,and train with matches based on lengthening the training time to improve the competitive ability and the ability to control the game.In terms of physical training,high-intensity interval training with parameters based on temporal structure characteristics can be used as a training method.In terms of training transformation,a transformation training strategy from basic reserve to special integration can be adopted to translate training ability into athletic performance in matches.

关 键 词：羽毛球 单打比赛 时间结构 能量供应 

分 类 号：G847[文化科学—体育训练]