骨骼肌介导的运动神经保护效应:作用途径和分子机制  

Skeletal Muscle Mediated Exercise-Induced Neuroprotective Effects:The Pathways and Molecular Mechanism

作　　者：王少堃 王世强 王一杰 郭凯林 胥祉涵 WANG Shaokun;WANG Shiqiang;WANG Yijie;GUO Kailin;XU Zhihan(Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412007,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Physical Health and Sports Fitness,Zhuzhou 412007,China;Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学,湖南株洲412007 [2]体质健康和运动健身湖南省重点实验室,湖南株洲412007 [3]武汉体育学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2023年第4期58-66,共9页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目(2020T130489);湖南省重点实验室开放课题(TZJK-202106)。

摘　　要：既往探讨运动神经保护效应生理机制的研究主要关注中枢神经系统的结构与功能对运动的适应性变化。近年来研究发现,骨骼肌在机体运动过程中能够通过多种途径从外周对中枢神经系统产生效益。以骨骼肌为外周靶点,结合运动干预的影响,全面总结骨骼肌介导运动神经保护效应的作用途径和分子机制,在此基础上梳理、总结出促进脑健康切实可行的运动干预策略。综述发现,运动时骨骼肌通过内分泌、能量代谢和抗炎等途径与大脑建立分子联系,是介导运动神经保护效应的主要作用途径;运动时骨骼肌能产生并分泌脑源性神经营养因子、鸢尾素、组织蛋白酶B、胰岛素样生长因子1、血管内皮生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子21、瘦素、脂联素等肌细胞因子,这些肌细胞因子以激素的形式作用于大脑,产生神经保护效应;运动时骨骼肌会产生大量能量代谢产物,其中乳酸和α-酮戊二酸能透过血脑屏障作用于大脑,产生神经保护效应;运动状态下的骨骼肌可作为抗炎器官为机体创造良好的抗炎环境,通过诱导外周抗炎效应,缓解神经炎症,产生神经保护效应。Previous studies on the physiological mechanism of exercise-induced neuroprotective effects mainly focused on the adaptive changes of the structure and function of the central nervous system to exercise.In recent years,it has been found that skeletal muscle can benefit the central nervous system from the periphery through various ways.Taking skeletal muscle as the peripheral target,combining with the influence of exercise intervention,this study comprehensively summarized the pathways and molecular mechanism of the exercise-induced neuroprotective effects mediated by skeletal muscle,and combed and summarized the feasible exercise prescription for brain health.The results show that skeletal muscle can establish molecular connection with brain through endocrine pathway,energy metabolism pathway and anti-inflammation pathway during exercise,which are the main pathways to mediate exercise-induced neuroprotective effects;during exercise,skeletal muscle can produce and secrete myokines BDNF,irisin,CTSB,VEGF,IGF-1,FGF21,leptin,ADN,these myokines can act on the brain in the form of hormones to produce neuroprotective effects;skeletal muscle can produce a lot of energy metabolites,among which lactic acid andα-Ketoglutaric acid can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and then produce neuroprotective effects;skeletal muscle can be used as an anti-inflammatory organ to create a good anti-inflammatory environment for the body,alleviate neuroinflammation and produce neuroprotective effects by inducing peripheral anti-inflammatory effects.

关 键 词：骨骼肌 运动 神经保护效应 肌细胞因子 神经炎症 

分 类 号：G804.7[文化科学—运动人体科学]