论绑架罪单一行为说与复合行为说之争  

Dispute between the Single Act Theory and the Complex Act Theor y of Kidnapping Crime

作　　者：曲新久[1] Qu Xinjiu

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2023年第2期101-114,共14页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：绑架罪“以勒索财物为目的绑架他人的,或者绑架他人作为人质的”罪状描述,前半句与后半句分别作文义解释后,合理处理二者之间的关系,是解决绑架罪单一行为说与复合行为说之争的关键。单论前半句,绑架罪是单一行为犯、目的犯;单论后半句,绑架罪客观方面以存在绑架行为人、人质、被勒索人即第三人之三方关系、三方构造为必要。前半句受后半句制约、感染,而不是相反,绑架罪只能是复合行为犯,即绑架(强力掳人)并拘禁他人以及以其他强制方法实力控制他人的行为,与勒赎、勒索行为结合在一起形成复合性“绑架行为”。绑架除了强力掳人语义即其规范含义外,还以绑架罪构成要件内存在上述三方关系、三方构造为必要。历史解释《刑法》第239条,也可大致确定这是立法原意。复合行为说正确定性了绑架罪构成要件,但既遂标准是有一定问题的;单一行为说错误定性了绑架行为的单复,但既遂标准的主张是相对合理的。从复合行为说出发,吸取单一行为说的合理成分,绑架罪既遂与未遂应当从严解释,中止从宽适用。After the first half sentence and the second half sentence respectively explain the meaning of the crime description of kidnapping crime"kidnapping others for the purpose of extorting property,or kidnapping others as hostages",reasonable handling of the relationship between the two is the key to solve the dispute between the single act theory and the complex act theory of kidnapping crime.In the first half sentence,the crime of kidnapping is a single act crime and a purpose crime.On the latter part of the sentence,the objective aspect of the crime of kidnapping is necessary to exist the tripartite relationship and tripartite structure of the abductor,the hostage and the blackmailer.The first half of the sentence is restricted and infected by the second half of the sentence,but not the opposite.The crime of kidnapping can only be a compound behavior,that is,kidnapping(abducting people by force),detaining others and controlling others by other coercive methods,combined with the behavior of extortion and extortion to form a compound"kidnapping behavior".In addition to its normative meaning of forcible abduction,it is also necessary for the crime of kidnapping to have the above-mentioned tripartite relationship and tripartite structure in its constitutive elements.The historical interpretation of Article 239 of the Criminal Law can also be roughly identified as the original intent of the legislation.The theory of compound acts correctly typifies the constitutive requirements of kidnapping crime,but there are some problems in the criterion of accomplishment.The theory of single act wrongly characterizes the simple compound of kidnapping act,but the claim of fulfilled standard is relatively reasonable.Starting from the compound act theory and absorbing the reasonable elements of the single act theory,the accomplished and attempted kidnapping crime should be interpreted strictly,and the suspension of the crime should be applied leniently.

关 键 词：绑架罪 单一行为犯 复合行为犯 绑架的语义与规范意义 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]