长江源区典型河流及湖泊丰水期底栖动物群落格局与驱动因子分析  

Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Patterns and Driving Factors in Typical Rivers and Lakes of the Source Region of the Yangtze River During the Wet Period

作　　者：阳敏 熊芳园 陆颖 刘晗 王超超 程琳 李耀鹏 杨欣 吴兴华 陈宇顺[1,2] YANG Min;XIONG Fangyuan;LU Ying;LIU Han;WANG Chaochao;CHENG Lin;LI Yaopeng;YANG Xin;WU Xinghua;CHEN Yushun(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;China Three Gorges Corporation,Beijing 100038,China;Fishery Environmental Monitoring Station of Qinghai Province,Xining 810012,China;Green Rivers-the Tuo Tuo River of the Yangtze River Source Region Conservation Station,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学现代农业科学学院,北京100049 [3]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,北京100038 [4]青海省渔业技术推广中心,青海西宁810012 [5]四川省绿色江河环境保护促进会,四川成都610041

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2023年第2期11-20,共10页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901203);中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDRW-ZS-2017-3-2);三峡集团长江生态格局项目(201903144);世界自然基金会淡水项目(10002550,10003581)。

摘　　要：长江源区位于青藏高原腹地,对气候变化敏感,存在河流径流增加、湖泊扩张淡化的趋势,研究该区域的水生生物有助于理解气候变化对该区域生态系统的影响。该研究于2017年夏季对长江西源沱沱河、南源当曲以及周围5个典型湖泊(班德湖、雅西措、玛章错钦、格勒措、昂错钦)的底栖动物群落开展调查。湖泊水体盐度为0.96‰~14.72‰,pH为8.89~9.63。结果表明,共采集到大型底栖动物25种,隶属于5纲7目10科。河流的底栖动物平均密度和生物量分别为36个/m^(2)和0.22 g/m^(2),优势种为恩非摇蚊属;湖泊的底栖动物平均密度和生物量分别为674个/m^(2)和5.35 g/m^(2),优势种为直突摇蚊属,83.33%的物种为单一湖泊特有。蒙特卡罗置换检验结果表明,影响底栖动物群落的水体环境变量主要包括碱度、总悬浮性固体、浊度、pH、总溶解性固体、盐度和叶绿素a。典范对应分析排序图显示,在长江源区的湖泊水体中,底栖动物较多分布在酸碱度相对低、清澈程度高、盐度低、叶绿素高的环境中。在未来的气候变化背景下,河流径流增加可能导致水体浑浊程度升高,进而可能会降低长江源区底栖动物群落的丰富度。今后在对长江源区的底栖动物开展研究时,应更多地关注长期的生态监测与评估以及底栖动物对气候变化的响应等方面。The source region of the Yangtze River,located in the heart of the Tibetan Plateau,is sensitive to climate change,holding a tendency of river runoff increase and lake area expansion and desalination.Investigation on aquatic organisms is helpful to understand impacts of climate change on ecosystems of this region.We investigated benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Yangtze's western source TuoTuoHe River and southern source DangQu River and 5 surrounding typical lakes(i.e.BanDeHu,YaXiCuo,MaZhangCuoQin,GeLeCuo,AngCuoQin) with salinity ranging from 0.96‰ to 14.72‰,and pH ranging from 8.89 to 9.63.In both rivers and lakes,altogether 25 taxa of macroinvertebrates belonging to 5 classes,7 orders and 10 families were identified.Results showed that average density and biomass of macroinvertebrates were 36 individuals/m^(2) and 0.22 g/m^(2) in rivers,and 647 individuals/m^(2) and 5.34 g/m^(2) in lakes,respectively.The dominant species were Einfeldia sp.in rivers and Orthocladius sp.in lakes.Out of all the species in lakes,83.3% were special to one single lake.Monte Carlo permutation test indicated that the most important factors influencing macroinvertebrate assemblage were alkalinity,total suspended solids,turbidity,pH,total dissolved solids,salinity and chlorophyll a.The ordination plot by Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicated that macroinvertebrates tended to cluster in the environment with relatively low alkalinity,high water clarity,low salinity,and high chlorophyll a.Our results suggest that the abundance and richness of macroinvertebrates in the source region of the Yangtze River may decrease with increasing turbidity caused by climate-driven runoff increase.Future macroinvertebrates studies in the source region of the Yangtze River may need to pay more attention on long-term ecological monitoring and assessment,and responses of macroinvertebrates to climate change.

关 键 词：长江源区 高原湖泊 河流 底栖动物群落 气候变化 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]