河南洞天福地文化溯源和景观空间特征探究  

Research on the Cultural Traceability and Landscape Spatial Characteristics of Taoism Nature Sanctuary in Henan

作　　者：李祥 金荷仙[1] LI Xiang;JIN Hexian(College of Landscape Architecture,Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China,311300)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,杭州311300

出　　处：《园林》2023年第4期102-108,共7页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划对策研究类课题“南宋文化遗产保护利用研究”(编号:21NDYD036YB);北京市财政项目“内蒙古及杭州的园林资源与历史文化研究”(编号:2019-YB-12)。

摘　　要：在研读河南洞天福地相关古今资料的基础上,结合实地调研,确定河南省范围内现存的洞天福地数量与具体位置;从自然崇拜(山岳崇拜与水系崇拜)、神话传说、道教发展三个方面分析河南洞天福地孕育与发展的文化背景与人文活动;再从5个方面分析河南洞天福地的景观空间特征:因河南“三面环山”“三江一河”的自然条件,景观空间布局呈现出符合道教追求的“葫芦”型空间格局;4个洞天福地彼此间呈现“大洞天—(福地)—小洞天—福地”的关系网络;择址大都选择在山川之上(山巅、山腰与山麓);景观序列由中心散点式布局发展至轴线式布局。以期从省域角度挖掘河南洞天福地的文化价值和景观特征,使河南洞天福地得到更好的保护和传承。Based on studying the relevant ancient and modern materials of Taoism Nature Sanctuary in Henan,combined with fi eld re-search,determined the number and specifi c location of the existing Taoism Nature Sanctuary in Henan Province.Combining the cultural background and humanistic activities of the fertile development of Taoism Nature Sanctuary in Henan Province from the worship of nature(mountain worship and water worship),myths,legends,and Taoism developed three directions.Then,the spatial characteristics of Taoism Nature Sanctuary in Henan were analyzed from fi ve aspects and found that:due to the natural conditions of Henan’s“mountains on three sides”and“three rivers and one Yangtze,”the spatial layout of the landscape pres-ents a“gourd”-spatial type pattern that conforms to the Taoist pursuit;several Taoism Nature Sanctuary in Henan offers a rela-tionship network of“big cave heaven-(blessed land)-small cave heaven-blessed land”between each other;most of the sites are selected above the mountains and rivers(mountain peaks,mountainsides,and foothills);the landscape sequence has evolved from a scattered central layout to an axial design.The research aims to explore the cultural value and landscape characteristics of Taoism Nature Sanctuary in Henan from the province’s perspective so that Taoism Nature Sanctuary in Henan can be better protected and inherited.

关 键 词：风景园林 河南 洞天福地 文化积淀 景观特征 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]