石羊河流域雷暴气候特征及防护等级区划  

Climate Characteristics of Thunderstorm and Its Protection Level Zoning in Shiyang River Basin

作　　者：马中华 杨晓玲 张春松[3] 陈英 李岩瑛 MA Zhonghua;YANG Xiaoling;ZHANG Chunsong;CHEN Ying;LI Yanying(Wuwei Meteorological Bureau,Wuwei 733099,China;Key laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province/Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of China Meteorological Administration/Institute of Arid Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China;Minqin Meteorological Bureau,Minqin 733300,China)

机构地区：[1]武威市气象局,甘肃武威733099 [2]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [3]民勤县气象局,甘肃民勤733300

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2023年第2期58-64,共7页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41975015);干旱气象科学基金项目“石羊河流域高影响灾害天气气候特征及形成机理分析研究”(IAM202016)。

摘　　要：利用1961—2013年石羊河流域5个气象站的雷暴资料,运用统计学方法分析了石羊河流域雷暴的时空变化特征,并对雷暴防护等级进行划分。结果表明:石羊河流域年、年代雷暴日总体呈减少趋势,天祝的减少趋势尤为显著,递减率达-5.843 d/10 a,雷暴日的时间序列存在7~8 a的准周期变化。石羊河流域雷暴初日最早出现在3月下旬(永昌),其他均出现在4月上旬,终日最晚出现在10月下旬末(永昌出现在10月上旬初),平均雷暴期为100.4~171.3 d。6—8月是雷暴的高发期,雷暴日占年雷暴总日的70.7%~78.4%。雷暴的日变化明显,雷暴多发时段为12—22时,集中发生时段为13—17时,雷暴的平均持续时间为10~40 min。石羊河流域雷暴具有明显的地域特征,南部山区天祝雷暴日远大于其他各地,占总雷暴日的40.8%。随着雷暴站数的增多,区域性雷暴日迅速减少。石羊河流域雷暴防护等级划分为3级:天祝属1级防护,为高雷区;永昌和古浪属2级防护,为多雷区;民勤和凉州属3级防护,为少雷区。Using thunderstorm data of five meteorological stations during 1961-2013,the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of thunderstorm in Shiyang River basin were analyzed with mathematical statistics method,and the thunderstorm protection levels were further divided.The results showed that the annual and decadal thunderstorm days generally decreased,the most significant decreasing trend occurred in Tianzhu with the decreasing rate of-5.843d·10a-1.There was a quasi-periodic of 7-8a in the thunderstorm days.The first day of thunderstorms in Shiyang River basin appeared in Yongchang(late March),and the others in early April,and the latest end day was in late October(Yongchang in early October),and the average thunderstorm period was 100.4-171.3 d.Thunderstorms mainly occurred from June to August,accounting for 70.7%-78.4%of annual thunderstorm days.Thunderstorms presented a evident diurnal variation characteristics,with frequent occurrences from 12:00 to 22:00 and concentrated occurrences from 13:00 to 17:00.The average duration of thunderstorms was 10-40 minutes.The thunderstorms in Shiyang River basin had obvious regional characteristics,the thunderstorm days in Tianzhu of southern mountain was much more than others,which accounted for 40.8%of the total regional thunderstorm days.The regional thunderstorm days decreased rapidly with the increasing of thunderstorm stations.The thunderstorm protection level was divided into three levels in Shiyang River basin,Tianzhu was level 1 as high thunder area,Yongchang and Gulang were level 2 as more thunder area,Minqin and Liangzhou were level 3 as less thunder area.

关 键 词：雷暴 变化特征 防护等级 石羊河流域 

分 类 号：P446[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]