江西两次强降雹过程的雷达回波特征对比分析  

Comparative Analysis of Radar Echo Characteristics of Two Severe Hails in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：段和平 马中元[2] 陈鲍发 黄龙飞 万红燕 DUAN Heping;MA Zhongyuan;CHEN Baofa;HUANG Longfei;WAN Hongyan(Jiangxi Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center,Nanchang 330046,China;Jiangxi Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Nanchang 330046,China;Jingdezhen Meteorological Bureau,Jingdezhen 333000,China;Wuning Meteorological Bureau,Wuning 332300,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省气象灾害防御技术中心,江西南昌330046 [2]江西省气象科学研究所,江西南昌330046 [3]景德镇市气象局,江西景德镇333000 [4]武宁县气象局,江西武宁332300

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2023年第2期137-145,共9页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类-XDA19040202);2022年江西省气象局重点项目(JX2022Z04);2022年江西省气象局面上项目(JX2022M03);2022年景德镇市科技计划项目(2022SF003);2022年吉安市生态气象重点实验室项目(2022JEM214)。

摘　　要：使用常规MICAPS天气图、卫星、雷达拼图和PUP产品等资料,对2020年3月21日武宁和2021年3月30日南昌大冰雹过程进行分析,结果表明:(1)地面冷空气南下,500 hPa干区与850 h Pa湿区形成“上干下湿”不稳定层结,地面温度锋区、3 h变压区和气流辐合区对江西大冰雹天气的产生具有重要意义。(2)云图上为中尺度对流系统MCS,黑体亮温TBB达-71~-58℃,MCS在雷达拼图上对应是超级单体回波。(3)“3·21”发生在飑线回波带超级单体上;“3·30”发生在孤立超级单体上;组合反射率CR≥60 dBZ、有回波核;强回波面积≥800 km2;强回波梯度≤8 km;有“云砧”形成的前伸弱回波。(4)回波顶高ET≥18 km,垂直积分液态水含量VIL≥60 kg/m2,反射率因子垂直剖面(RCS)强回波顶高≥10 km,径向速度垂直剖面(VCS)表现为负速度,中间包裹正速度,形成“前辐散后辐合”的速度场和明显中气旋结构。(5)雷达拼图风暴跟踪信息STI产品能较好地指示超级单体回波的移动方向和速度;回波强度与强回波面积之间关系对识别大冰雹回波有较好价值。研究结果为监测大冰雹天气提供了分析依据。By using the data of conventional MICAPS weather map,TBB satellite,radar puzzle and PUP products,the process of Wuning hail(“3·21”for short)on March 21,2020 and Nanchang hail(“3·30”for short)on March 30,2021 were compared and analyzed.It shows that,(1)The hail occurred in“upper dry and lower wet”convection instability stratification formed by 500 hPa dry area and 850 hPa wet area,and the cold air on the ground went south.The surface mesoscale temperature front,three-hour variable pressure area and air flow convergence area have indicative significance for the generation of hail weather.(2)The TBB cloud picture showed the mesoscale convective system MCS,and the blackbody brightness temperature was between-71 and-58℃.The corresponding radar puzzle of MCS was the super monomer echo.(3)The“3·21”hail occurred on the super monomer echo on the squall line echo belt,while“3·30”on the echo of isolated supercell,with combined reflectivity CR≥60 dBZ,echo core≥65 dBZ in the center,strong echo area≥800 km2,and strong echo gradient≤8 km.There was a forward weak echo formed by“cloud anvil”.(4)The super monomer echo top ET≥16 km,vertical integral liquid water content VIL≥60 kg/m2;Reflectivity factor vertical section(RCS)60 dBZ,strong echo top above 10 km;The radial velocity vertical profile(VCS)showed negative velocity and positive velocity in the middle,forminga velocity field of“front divergence and rear convergence”and an obvious mesocyclone structure.(5)The storm tracking information STI product on the radar puzzle can better indicate the moving direction and speed of the super monomer echo.The relationship between echo intensity and strong echo area is of indicative significance for identifying large hail echo.All above results provide an analytical basis for hail weather monitoring,early warning and short-term and imminent prediction services in Jiangxi province.

关 键 词：大冰雹 飑线超级单体 孤立超级单体 回波特征 

分 类 号：P458.121.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P412.25