陶渊明《形影神》的思想渊源  

The Ideological Origin of Tao Yuanming’s“Body,Shadow,Spirit”

作　　者：孙明君[1] SUN Ming-jun(School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期161-167,共7页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题“庄子思想与中古文学研究”(20ZGX11)。

摘　　要：关于陶渊明《形影神》组诗之思想归属向来有不同看法,或将陶渊明的主导思想归之为儒家思想,或归之为新自然说,或归之为反佛教之宣言等。《形影神》组诗固然涉及儒家、佛学、玄学等不同思想和魏晋士人的不同行为方式,但其要旨可归之于庄子之理。将《形影神》组诗之要旨归于庄子之理,并不代表陶渊明思想以庄子思想为主导思想。贯通地看,陶渊明主导思想主要由庄子之理、孔孟之道及饮酒习性等因素混合而成,佛教思想、玄学观念等居于次要位置。这种富有时代特征和个性色彩的文人思想及其行为,从哲学角度看自有其一定的历史价值。There have been various opinions on the ideological origin of Tao Yuanming’s“Body,Shadow,Spirit.”The primary idea has been attributed to Confucianism,New Theory of Nature,or anti-Buddhism.Indeed,“Body,Shadow,Spirit”involves different thoughts from Confucianism,Buddhism,and Metaphysics as well as different behavioral patterns of gentries in the Wei and Jin dynasties,but its primary idea should be attributed to the theory of Zhuangzi.Although“Body,Shadow,Spirit”is one of the works representing Tao Yuanming’s leading thoughts,it is not the only one.Hence,attributing the primary idea of“Body,Shadow,Spirit”to the theory of Zhuangzi does not mean Tao Yuanming takes Zhuangzi’s thoughts as his leading thoughts.Generally speaking,Tao Yuanming’s leading thoughts is mainly a mixture of Zhuangzi’s theory,Confucius and Mencius’s way,and drinking habits,with Buddhism and Metaphysics taking a secondary position.This kind of literati thought,rich in contemporary features and individual characteristics,has its own historical value from a philosophical point of view.

关 键 词：陶渊明 《形影神》 庄子 新自然说 

分 类 号：I207.41[文学—中国文学]