新疆喀什河流域水化学时空变化特征及灌溉适应性评价  

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of hydrochemistry and irrigationadaptability evaluation in Kashi River Basin, Xinjiang

作　　者：张勇军 杨余辉[1] 胡义成 冯先成 杨景燕 ZHANG Yongjun;YANG Yuhui;HU Yicheng;FENG Xiancheng;YANG Jingyan(College of Geography and Tourism,Xinjiang Normal University,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Region,Urumqi 830054,Xinjiang,China;Meteorological Information Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830001,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院/新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区气象信息中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830001

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2023年第4期583-594,共12页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41761004)资助。

摘　　要：喀什河是伊犁河的三大支流之一,了解流域水质状况对于伊犁地区生态保护具有重要意义。通过分析喀什河流域水化学组成及其成因,并以此为基础对河流进行灌溉适宜性评价。通过2018年7月—2021年7月期间采集喀什河河水水样289组、泉水水样5组、井水水样30组,应用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子比例关系等方法,探讨了喀什河流域水化学的时空变化特征和控制因素,并采用USSL图、Wilcox图对河水进行灌溉适宜性评价。结果表明:(1)喀什河流域各水体均呈现弱碱性,井水和泉水的溶解性总固体及电导率(EC)略大于河水,各水体水化学类型均为Ca2+-HCO3-型。(2)岩石风化是流域内各水体离子来源的主要控制因素,且各水体离子来源主要受碳酸盐岩风化作用的影响。(3)河水离子质量浓度短时间序列平缓变化表明,2018—2021年干流离子浓度因冰雪融水和降水的稀释作用强弱而变化,4—7月较低,8月—次年3月较高;空间变化上离子质量浓度随海拔的增加而降低。(4)河水的水质为优秀,可直接用作灌溉用水,但2021年的EC略有上升的趋势。研究结果可为喀什河谷水资源可持续利用、科学开发治理提供依据。The Kashi River is one of the three major tributaries of the Ili River,Xinjiang,China,and it is important to understand the water quality condition of the watershed for ecological protection in the Ili region.By analyzing the water chemistry composition of the Kashi River Basin and its causes,and using it as a basis for irrigation suitability evaluation of the river.By collecting 289 sets of water samples from the Kashi River,5 sets of water samples from springs,and 30 sets of water samples from wells during July 2018—2021,the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and controlling factors of water chemistry in the Kashi River Basin were explored by applying mathematical statistics,Piper’s trilinear diagram,Gibbs diagram,and ion proportional relationship,and using USSL diagram,Wilcox diagrams were used to evaluate the suitability of river water for irrigation.The results show that:(1)All water bodies in the Kashi River Basin are weakly alkaline,the total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity(EC)of well water and spring water are slightly larger than those of river water,and the water chemistry type of each water body is Ca2+-HCO3-type.(2)Rock weathering is the main controlling factor for the ion source of each water body in the watershed,and the ion source of each water body is mainly affected by carbonate rock weathering.(3)The ion mass concentration of river water varies gently over a short time series,indicating that the ion concentration in the mainstem from 2018 to 2021 varies by the strength of the dilution effect of ice and snow melt and precipitation,being lower from April to July and higher from August to March;the ion mass concentration varies spatially with increasing elevation and the ion mass concentration decreases with the increase of elevation.(4)The water quality of the river is excellent and can be used directly as irrigation water,but the EC in 2021 has a slightly increasing trend.The results of the study can provide a basis for the sustainable use and scientific development a

关 键 词：时空变化特征 水化学成因 灌溉适宜性 喀什河 

分 类 号：S273[农业科学—农业水土工程] P342[农业科学—农业工程]