不同水培条件对绞股蓝生长及总皂苷含量的影响  

Effects of Different Hydroponic Conditions on the Growth and Total Saponin Accumulation of Gynostemma pentaphyllum

作　　者：李莹[1] 黄雪彦[1] 余丽莹[1] 姚李祥 周芸伊 王春丽 蓝祖栽[1] 张占江[1] 潘春柳[1] LI Ying;HUANG Xueyan;YU Liying;YAO Lixiang;ZHOU Yunyi;WANG Chunli;LAN Zuzai;ZHANG Zhanjiang;PAN Chunliu(Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant/Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory,Nan-ning,Guangxi 530023,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区药用植物园/广西中药资源普查与整理研究重点实验室,广西南宁530023

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2023年第3期578-588,共11页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(No.2021GXNSFAA196027);2022年区域特色药材品种关键技术研究推广项目(No.GXZYYZZ-202201);中央本级重大增减支项目(No.2060302)。

摘　　要：绞股蓝是一种重要的药食同源植物,因含有人参皂苷类物质而享有“南方人参”的美誉。由于野生绞股蓝资源日益枯竭,人工引种栽培绞股蓝已成为必然趋势。然而,受土壤灌溉、施肥、农药使用等因素影响,绞股蓝药材品质不稳定、重金属含量超标等问题时有发生,严重影响其规范化种植和药材质量安全。水培生产具有周期短、产量高、无连作障碍、可有效避免重金属污染等优点,被广泛应用于多种中药材生产中。对绞股蓝幼苗进行不同营养液、不同温度、不同光照强度和光周期处理,研究各处理对绞股蓝生长和总皂苷积累的影响,以期得到适合绞股蓝生长和有效成分积累的最优水培条件,研究结果表明,pH为6.0的日本园试营养液是绞股蓝水培的最佳营养液。相关性分析结果显示,不同营养液条件下,绞股蓝单株总皂苷量与株高、叶长、叶宽、叶片数、单株鲜重及单株干重呈高度正相关,表明培育高生物量植株是提高绞股蓝药材质量的关键。在环境温度为20~30℃,光周期为每天光照10~14 h,光照强度为100μmol/(m^(2)·s)条件下,绞股蓝幼苗生长较好,且干样品总皂苷含量超过3%,高于现有标准。Gynostemma pentaphyllum is an important medicine-food homology plant.It enjoys the reputation of‘Southern ginseng’as it contains compounds of ginsenosides.As wild resources of G.pentaphyllum depleted gradually,artificial in-troduction and cultivation of G.pentaphyllum has become an inevitable trend.However,due to soil irrigation,fertilization,and pesticide use,problems such as unstable quality of medicinal materials and excessive heavy metal content in G.pen-taphyllum occur from time to time,which seriously affects its standardized cultivation and the quality and safety of me-dicinal materials.Hydroponic production has the advantages of short cycle,high yield,no continuous cropping obstacles,and can effectively avoid heavy metal pollution,so it is widely used in the production of various Chinese medicinal mate-rials.In this study,G.pentaphyllum seedlings were treated with different nutrient solution,temperature,light intensity and photoperiod.After that,growth characteristics and accumulation of total saponins of G.pentaphyllum were examined to obtain the most suitable hydroponics conditions,and thus provide reference and technical support for the large-scale production and organic cultivation of G.pentaphyllum.The results showed that Japanese Yamzaki formula with pH value 6.0 was the best nutrient solution for hydroponics of G.pentaphyllum.Correlation analysis showed that under different nutrient solution conditions,the total saponin content of single plant was highly positively correlated with plant height,leaf length,leaf width,number of leaves,fresh weight per plant and dry weight per plant,indicating that the cultivation of high-biomass plants was the key of the cultivation of high-quality plants of G.pentaphyllum.Under variable temperature of 20 to 30℃,photoperiod of 10 to 14 hours of light per day,and light intensity of 100μmol/(m^(2)·s),seedlings of G.pen-taphyllum grew well and the total saponin content of the dry samples exceeded 3%,which was higher than the existing standards.This study would p

关 键 词：绞股蓝 水培条件 绞股蓝皂苷 

分 类 号：S567.237[农业科学—中草药栽培]