制造业数字化转型影响劳动收入份额吗?  

Does Digital Transformation in Manufacturing Affect Labor Income Share?

作　　者：徐慧枫[1] 温湖炜 XU Hui-feng;WEN Hu-wei

机构地区：[1]中共宁波市委党校学报编辑部 [2]南昌大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《产经评论》2023年第1期120-134,共15页Industrial Economic Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“数字经济赋能制造业转型升级的效应测度与实现路径研究”(项目编号:20CJY031,项目负责人:温湖炜);2022年度浙江省党校系统社会科学联合会规划课题“企业数字化转型对劳动收入份额的影响效应研究”(项目编号:ND22041,项目负责人:徐慧枫)。

摘　　要：数字化转型如何影响劳动收入份额是数字经济赋能共同富裕所面临的现实问题。基于2010—2020年中国制造业上市公司面板数据,实证考察数字化转型对制造业企业劳动收入份额的影响。结果表明:制造业数字化转型对劳动收入份额有显著影响,并不支持数字化转型抑制劳动要素收入从而恶化要素收入分配的观点;现阶段,数字化转型提升劳动收入份额的作用主要通过工资效应而不是就业效应,即数字化转型促进制造业企业劳动生产率提升,但未促进就业增长;数字化转型与劳动收入份额的关系存在产业结构层次、行业以及企业异质性,对于产业结构水平高地区、非技术密集型行业及资本密集程度低企业,数字化转型对劳动收入份额的提升作用更强;此外,数字化转型对高就业技能结构企业劳动收入份额的正向影响更强,制造业部门数字化转型对技能需求表现出“升级”特征而不是“极化”特征。因此,数智时代收入分配政策的完善与优化应关注劳动力技能与新兴数字技术的动态适配性。How digital transformation affects the share of labor income is a real problem faced by the digital economy empowering common prosperity.We empirically examine the impact of digital transformation on the labor income share of manufacturing companies,based on the data of listed companies in China's manufacturing industry from 2010 to 2020.The research found that,manufacturing digital transformation has significant impact on labor income share.It does not support the view that digital transformation inhibits labor factor income and thus worsens factor income distribution.The role of digital transformation in increasing labor income share is mainly through wage effects rather than employment effects at present.That is,digital transformation promotes the improvement of labor productivity of manufacturing enterprises,but not the job growth.There are industrial structure level heterogeneity,industry heterogeneity and firm heterogeneity in the relationship between digital transformation and labor income share.For regions with a high level of industrial structure,non-technology-intensive industries and enterprises with low capital intensity,digital transformation has a stronger effect on increasing labor income share.In addition,digital transformation has a stronger positive impact on the labor income share of high-skilled firms,the digital transformation of the manufacturing sector shows escalation rather than polarization for skills demand.Therefore,we should pay attention to the dynamic adaptation of labor skills and emerging digital technologies to improve the income distribution in the digital age.

关 键 词：数字化转型 要素收入分配 劳动收入份额 要素禀赋 升级 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]