不同树形桃树品种农艺性状的遗传分析  

Genetic Analysis of Agronomic Traits of Different Tree Shapes of Peach Varieties

作　　者：许兴华 张辉 许兴成 潘曈 王亮 XU Xing-hua;ZHANG hui;XU Xing-cheng;PAN Tong;WANG Liang(Forestry Protection and Development Center of Ningyang County,Tai’an 271400,China;Forestry Station of Geshi Town,Ningyang County,Ningyang 271404,China;Agricultural Technology Station of Ciyao Town,Ningyang County,Ningyang 271400,China)

机构地区：[1]宁阳县林业保护发展中心,山东泰安271400 [2]宁阳县葛石镇林业站,山东宁阳271404 [3]宁阳县磁窑镇农技站,山东宁阳271400

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2023年第2期47-52,59,共7页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

摘　　要：研究了5年生桃树品种的开心形、主干形及栽植密度对树体生长及产量的影响,并采用方差分析、遗传分析、相关分析、主成分分析和多重比较法对桃树的9个农艺性状进行了综合分析,以期选择优良的桃树品种。结果表明,各性状之间的差异均达到了显著或极显著水平;开心形桃树的总枝数、干径、冠幅、树冠体积和单株产量分别比主干形的高30.12%、28.51%、78.85%、229.63%和113.76%;主干形桃树的平均单位面积产量比开心形的高873 kg/667 m^(2)。各性状的遗传力均在0.8以上,属于高遗传力;栽植密度的遗传相关与总枝数、干径、冠幅、树冠体积和单株产量呈显著或极显著负相关,与树高和单位面积产量分别呈显著和极显著正相关;总枝数与冠幅、树冠体积和单株产量呈显著正相关。所提取的前2个主成分代表了9个性状的91.7624%的信息,依据桃树主成分值的排名,并结合单株产量和单产的多重比较结果,冬红蜜、瑞蟠21号、黄金蜜、玉妃和冰淇淋的产量遗传增益分别比秋彤高59.37%、56.78%、50.94%、19.48%和12.01%。主干形的栽植密度高于开心形树,其产量的遗传增益比开心形的高39.77%,因此主干形桃树品种适于高密度栽培。冬红蜜、黄金蜜、玉妃、冰淇淋和瑞蟠21号可作为优良品种推广应用。The effects of open-central type,main-trunk type and planting density of five year old peach varieties on tree growth and yield were studied.Nine traits of peach trees were comprehensively analyzed by variance analysis,genetic analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and multiple comparison method,so as to select excellent peach varieties.The results showed that the differences of each character were significant or extremely significant.The total number of branches,dry diameter,crown width,crown volume and plant yield of open-central type peach trees were 24.9%,28.5%,78.8%,229.6%and 113.88%higher than those of main-trunk type trees,respectively.The average yield of peach trees with main-trunk type was 873 kg/667 m2 higher than that of open-central type trees.Genetic correlation analysis showed that the heritability of each trait was above 0.8,indicating high heritability.The planting density was significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with total branch number,dry diameter,crown width,crown volume and plant yield,and was positively correlated with tree height and yield.The total number of branches was positively correlated with crown size,crown volume and plant yield.Based on principal component analysis,91.7624%information of 9 traits was extracted from the first two principal components.According to the ranking of peach principal components,combined with multiple comparative analysis of plant yield and per mu yield,The genetic gain of Donghong Honey,Ruipan 21,Golden Honey,Yufei and Ice Cream were 59.37%,56.78%,50.94%,19.48%and 12.01%higher than that of Qiutong,The planting density of the main-trunk type was higher than that of the open-central type tree,and the genetic gain per mu of the main-trunk type was 39.77%higher than that of the open-central type tree.The main-trunk type was suitable for high-density cultivation.Donghong Honey,Golden Honey,Yufei,Ice Cream and Ruipan 21 can be popularized and applied as excellent varieties.

关 键 词：桃树 主干形 开心形 遗传分析 产量 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]