赤泥在铁、钪元素回收及建筑材料领域的研究进展  

Research progress of red mud in iron and scandium recovery and building materials

作　　者：赵梓 赵爱春[1] 叶鑫 刘宸嘉 李旭 曾淼 康丽[1] ZHAO Zi;ZHAO Aichun;YE Xin;LIU Chenjia;LI Xu;ZENG Miao;KANG Li(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Science and Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Liaoning Province Liaoyang Ecology&Environment Monitoring Center,Liaoyang 111018,China)

机构地区：[1]太原科技大学材料科学与工程学院,山西太原030024 [2]辽宁省辽阳生态环境监测中心,辽宁辽阳111018

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2023年第2期96-103,共8页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：NSFC-山西煤基低碳联合基金(U1710257);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2019L0656);太原科技大学博士启动基金(20142001);山西省基础研究计划资助项目(202103021224281);多金属共生矿生态冶金教育部重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2020003);太原科技大学研究生教育创新项目(SY2022012)。

摘　　要：赤泥中含有丰富的铁资源,还含一定量的稀有金属,若是堆存处置,不仅对环境造成极大危害,而且浪费金属资源。本文在对赤泥产出及成分分析的基础上,着重介绍赤泥回收铁和钪的新技术以及在建筑材料制备技术方面的研究进展。火法处理赤泥工艺金属提取效果较好且可以实现有价元素的分步回收,缺点是铁精矿品位较低,成本高;湿法工艺技术简易,成本及能耗低,但存在酸耗量大且多种元素同时浸出、废液无害化处理难度大等缺点。采用火法-湿法冶金联合工艺提钪可以实现赤泥中铁和钪的分步分离,缺点是工艺流程复杂,成本高及能耗较高。由于赤泥含大量钠碱,在制作水泥等建筑材料时会出现“泛霜”等现象,抑制了其在制备建筑材料领域的应用。因此,低成本绿色环保大规模利用赤泥仍是未来铝工业面临的难题,笔者认为可以从以下几方面开展研究:将赤泥预处理成超细粉,提高溶出率;研究金属回收过程中的闭环工艺,尽量减少废液产生;研究赤泥脱碱及减放射性工艺,与其他工业废渣废液协同开发利用,实现以废治废。Red mud is rich in iron resources and contains a certain amount of rare metals.If it is stored and disposed,it will not only cause great harm to the environment,but also waste metal resources.Based on the analysis of the output and composition of red mud,this paper focuses on the new technology of iron and scandium recovery from red mud and the research progress in the preparation of building materials.The metal extraction effect of red mud treatment process is better and the valuable elements can be recovered step by step.The disadvantage is that the iron concentrate grade is low and the cost is high.The wet process technology is simple and has low cost and energy consumption,but it has the disadvantages of large acid consumption,simultaneous leaching of multiple elements,and difficult harmless treatment of waste liquid.The distribution and separation of iron and scandium in red mud can be realized by the combined process of pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy.The disadvantages are complex process flow,high cost and high energy consumption.Because red mud contains a large amount of sodium alkali,there will be‘frosting'and other phenomena in the production of cement and other building materials,which inhibits its application in the field of building materials.Therefore,the low-cost,green and large-scale utilization of red mud is still a difficult problem for the future aluminum industry.The author believes that the following aspects can be studied and studied:pretreatment of red mud into ultrafine powder to improve the dissolution rate;study the closed-loop process in the metal recovery process to minimize the generation of waste liquid;the process of removing alkali and reducing radioactivity of red mud was studied,and it was coordinated with other industrial waste residue and waste liquid to realize the treatment of waste by waste.

关 键 词：赤泥 铁回收 钪回收 建筑材料 绿色冶金 赤泥脱碱 以废治废 

分 类 号：TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] X758[环境科学与工程—环境工程]