真空激光焊接技术研究进展  

Research Progress of Vacuum Laser Welding Technology

作　　者：李想 黄瑞生[1] 滕彬[1] 武鹏博 周坤[1] LI Xiang;HUANG Ruisheng;TENG Bin;WU Pengbo;ZHOU Kun(Harbin Welding Institute Limited Company,CAM,Harbin 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《电焊机》2023年第4期46-55,共10页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4600903)。

摘　　要：随着激光器功率的增加,激光传输受等离子体羽辉影响损耗严重,导致激光焊接一次性可穿透深度并非与激光输出功率成正比,焊缝成形稳定性无法可靠保证。而在真空环境下,激光焊接能够展现出不同的工艺特征,能有效抑制等离子体羽辉,增加焊缝熔深,改善熔池稳定性,获得高质量的焊缝。真空激光焊接为实现厚壁构件优质、高效焊接提供了新的工艺方法与研究思路。在综合评述国内外研究成果的基础上,介绍了真空激光焊接技术的发展历史,分析真空环境下激光焊接过程中的焊缝成形、熔池与匙孔、等离子体羽辉特征,梳理了真空激光焊接装备设计和真空激光焊接的相关应用等内容,并对目前该技术研究中存在的问题进行探讨以及对真空激光焊接技术未来发展方向进行展望。With the increase in laser power,laser transmission is severely affected by plasma plumes,resulting in a one-time penetration depth of laser welding that is not proportional to laser output power,and the stability of weld formation cannot be reliably guaranteed.Research has found that laser welding can show different process characteristics in a vacuum environment,effectively suppressing plasma plumes,increasing weld penetration,improving weld pool stability,and obtaining highquality welds.This provides a new process method and research idea for achieving high-quality and efficient welding of thick wall components.Based on a comprehensive review of research achievements at home and abroad,the development history of vacuum laser welding technology is introduced,then the characteristics of weld formation,weld pool and keyhole,and plasma plume during laser welding in vacuum environment is analyzed,and then the design of vacuum laser welding equipment and related applications of vacuum laser welding are combed through,the existing problems in the current research of vacuum laser welding technology are discussed and the future development direction of vacuum laser welding technology is prospected.

关 键 词：真空激光焊接 熔池 匙孔 焊接羽辉 真空室 焊接应用 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]