不同滴灌量对甘草叶片光合特性和主要药用成分含量的影响  

Effects of the Different Drip Irrigation Amount on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Main Medicinal Components in Leaves of Licorice

作　　者：阿布都克尤木·阿不都热孜克[1,2] 古丽米拉·艾克拜尔 阿依夏木·沙吾尔 Abudukeyoumu Abudurezike;Gulimila Aikebaier;Ayixiamu Shawuer(China Institute of Crop Variety Resources,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091;College of Agriculture,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083;College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences,Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052;Xinjiang Soil and Plant Ecological Process Lab.,Urumqi 830052)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]中国农业大学农学院,北京100083 [3]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [4]新疆土壤与植物生态过程实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2023年第4期32-38,共7页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41867044);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2060901);新疆维吾尔自治区科技特派员农村科技创业行动项目(2022KY002);新疆农业科学院自主培育项目(nkyzzpt-008)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨甘草叶片光合特性和主要药用成分含量对不同滴灌量响应的机理。方法:以天山北麓昌吉州荒漠地区栽培甘草为材料,在新疆昌吉州三坪农场设置X0(0 m^(3)/hm^(2))、X_(1)(2500 m^(3)/hm^(2))、X_(2)(4000 m^(3)/hm^(2))、X_(3)(5500 m^(3)/hm^(2))和X_(4)(7000 m^(3)/hm^(2))等5种滴灌量水平,研究滴灌量对甘草关键生育时期土壤水分、叶片光合特性及品质的影响。结果:甘草叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)随着滴灌量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,叶片甘草酸和甘草苷含量表现为X_(2)>X_(3)>X_(1)>X_(4)>X0,总黄酮含量表现为X_(2)>X_(1)>X_(3)>X0>X_(4),多糖含量表现为X_(1)>X_(2)>X_(3)>X_(4)>X0,粗蛋白含量表现为X_(2)>X_(3)>X_(1)>X_(4)>X0,X0和X_(4)处理的所有品质指标含量均最低。结论:在天山北麓滴灌甘草的滴灌量宜控制在2500~5500 m^(3)/hm^(2)范围内。Objective:To investigate the response mechanism of photosynthetic characteristics and main medicinal components content of licorice leaves to different drip irrigation rates.Methods:Using licorice cultivated in the desert area of Changji Prefecture at the northern foot of the Tianshan Mountains as the material,five drip irrigation levels,including X0(0 m^(3)/hm^(2))、X_(1)(2500 m^(3)/hm^(2))、X_(2)(4000 m^(3)/hm^(2))、X_(3)(5500 m^(3)/hm^(2))、X_(4)(7000 m^(3)/hm^(2))were used to study the effects of drip irrigation on soil moisture,leaf photosynthetic characteristics and quality in key growth periods of licorice.Results:The chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of licorice leaves first increased and then decreased with the increase of drip irrigation.The contents of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhizin in leaves were X_(2)>X_(3)>X_(1)>X_(4)>X0,the content of total flavonoid was X_(2)>X_(1)>X_(3)>X0>X_(4),the contents of polysaccharide was X_(1)>X_(2)>X_(3)>X_(4)>X0,and the content of crude protein was X_(2)>X_(3)>X_(1)>X_(4)>X0,and the condoitents of all quality indexes of X0 and X_(4)treatments were the lowest.Conclusion:The drip irrigation amount of licorice should be controlled within the range of 2500-5500m^(3)/hm^(2)in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains.

关 键 词：甘草 滴灌量 叶片 光合 主要药用成分 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]