固体氧化物电解池材料发展现状与展望  

Research status and development prospect of solid oxide electrolyzer cells materials

作　　者：王傲雪 郭琳 郑金玉 米万良 张盼盼 杨志宾[2] WANG Aoxue;GUO Lin;ZHENG Jinyu;MI Wanliang;ZHANG Panpan;YANG Zhibin(SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Chemical&Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司,北京100083 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2023年第3期62-77,共16页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项资助项目(2021YFE0191200)。

摘　　要：氢气具有能量密度高、清洁无污染的优点,被认为是符合低碳发展的战略能源。利用风、光、水等可再生电能转换成化学能的方式进行电解制氢已成为主要的绿色制氢方式。目前电解水技术主要包括碱水电解技术(AWE)、质子交换膜电解水技术(PEM)和固体氧化物电解水技术(SOEC)等,其中SOEC效率高、无需使用贵金属催化剂,是高效大规模制氢的首选。SOEC在高温下运行,要求所用材料在高温下具有高导电性和稳定性等特点,同时不同部件所用材料应与热膨胀系数匹配、具有良好相容性,因此从材料方面总结了SOEC阴极、阳极、电解质3种关键部件的材料研究现状。目前阴极材料主要为金属陶瓷和钙钛矿型陶瓷2类材料,阴极高温高湿环境易导致金属陶瓷类材料失活,在长期运行中存在金属的氧化、损失、团聚等问题,因此讨论了制备复合电极、增加阻挡层、制备精细多孔结构等提高金属陶瓷材料稳定性的方法,简述了钙钛矿型陶瓷类材料存在的低催化活性等问题,并介绍了如掺杂过渡、金属原位溶出、负载活性金属纳米粒子等方法以提高材料性能;阳极材料主要为钙钛矿类材料,主要阐述了阳极运行中性能下降的因素,如长期运行过程中分层、裂纹等问题导致阳极材料长期稳定性较差,并讨论了增加阻挡层、循环操作、制备具有高电导率和催化活性的钙钛矿材料等方法,提高阳极稳定性;电解质材料主要由萤石型或钙钛矿类材料组成,重点介绍了制备高电导率材料、薄膜化工艺2种方案降低其阻抗。并对SOEC商业化现状进行介绍,SOEC目前还处于起步阶段,但随研究不断深入,其性能逐步提升,美国、欧盟等发达国家均在积极布局SOEC的商业化应用。最后结合材料发展现状对SOEC的商业化应用前景进行了讨论与展望。Hydrogen has the advantages of high energy density,clean and pollution-free,and is considered to be the most suitable strategic energy for low-carbon development.Electrolysis technology can be used for the conversion and storage of renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy,which can convert electrical energy into chemical energy for the synthesis of hydrogen.Common electrolytic water technologies include alkaline water electrolysis(AWE),polymer electrolyte membrane(PEM)and solid oxide electrolysis cell(SOEC).SOEC has high efficiency and does not require the use of precious metal catalysts,making it the first choice for efficient large-scale hydrogen production.SOEC operates at high temperatures,requiring the materials used to have high conductivity and stability at high temperatures.At the same time,the materials used for different components should match the thermal expansion coefficient and have good compatibility.Therefore,the research status of cathode materials,anode materials and electrolytes in SOEC were summarized.The cathode materials are mainly metal ceramics and perovskite-type ceramics.The high temperature and humidity environment of the cathode can easily lead to the deactivation of cermets,and there are problems such as oxidation,loss,and agglomeration of metals during long-term operation.Therefore,the factors that led to the deactivation of metal ceramics were described,and the methods to improve the stability were discussed.The problems of low ionic conductivity and catalytic activity of perovskite-type materials were briefly described,and the methods to improve the properties of materials were introduced,such as doped transition metal in situ dissolution,loaded active metal nanoparticles,etc.Anode materials are mainly perovskite materials.The factors affecting the decline of neutral energy of anode operation were described,such as delamination,cracks,and other issues that lead to poor long-term stability of anode materials during long-term operation.The methods to improve anode durabi

关 键 词：固体氧化物电解池 制氢 电极材料 电解质 高温电化学 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理] TQ116.2[化学工程—无机化工]