大深径比深小孔圆柱度误差评价  

Evaluation of Cylindricity Error of Deep Small Holes with Large Depth to Diameter Ratio

作　　者：裴袁鑫 黄绍服[1,2,3] PEI Yuanxin;HUANG Shaofu(School of Mechanical Engineering,Anhui University of Science&Technology,Huainan 232001,China;Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro-manufacturing Technology,Nanjing 210016,China;Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Wuhu 241003,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学机械工程学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]南京航空航天大学,江苏省精密与微细制造技术重点实验室,江苏南京210016 [3]安徽理工大学环境友好材料与职业健康研究院,安徽芜湖241003

出　　处：《安徽工业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第2期151-157,共7页Journal of Anhui University of Technology（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52275228);安徽理工大学环境友好材料与职业健康研究院研发专项基金项目(ALW2021YF06)。

摘　　要：针对直径在1 mm以下、深径比超过10∶1的深小孔检测及评价困难的问题,提出使用超声波设备对大深径比的深小孔进行检测的方法。利用电火花穿孔机在实验工件上加工出直径1 mm、深度为100 mm的通孔,借助搭建的超声波检测平台将深小孔视作工件的内部缺陷,在工件表面对加工的深小孔工件进行检测;将超声波设备检测获取的声程时间数据通过坐标化处理,转化为深小孔的坐标数据,在MATLAB软件中利用遗传算法优化的最大内接圆柱法、最小外接圆柱法、最小二乘法和最小区域法等4种圆柱度误差评价模型,对深小孔的坐标数据进行误差分析。结果表明:采用提出的检测方法可成功检测大深径比深小孔;采用遗传算法优化的4种圆柱度误差评价模型均可求解出对应的圆柱度误差,且符合最小区域法误差最小的准则。In view of the difficulty in the detection and evaluation of deep and small holes with a diameter of less than 1 mm and a depth-to-diameter ratio of more than 10∶1,a method of using ultrasonic equipment to detect deep and small holes with a large depth-to-diameter ratiow was proposed.The hole with a diameter of 1 mm and a depth of 100 mm was machined on the experimental workpiece by using the electric spark piercing machine.With the help of the built ultrasonic testing platform,the deep hole was regarded as the internal defect of the workpiece,and the machined deep hole workpiece was detected on the surface of the workpiece.The acoustic path time data obtained by ultrasonic equipment detection was transformed into the coordinate data of deep holes by coordinate processing.Four cylindricity error evaluation models such as maximum inscribed cylinder method,minimum circumscribed cylinder method,least square method and minimum area method optimized by genetic algorithm were used in MATLAB software to analyze the error of the coordinate data of deep holes.The results show that the proposed detection method can successfully detect small holes with large depth-to-diameter ratio.The four cylindricity error evaluation models optimized by genetic algorithm can solve the corresponding cylindricity error,and meet the criterion of minimum error difference of minimum area method.

关 键 词：大深径比深小孔 圆柱度误差 超声检测 

分 类 号：TG839[金属学及工艺—公差测量技术]