2005年和2014年北京市学龄前儿童生长发育变化趋势研究  

Trends in physical growth and development among preschool children in Beijing,China,2005 and 2014

作　　者：李一辰[1] 杨晓尘 云青萍 何辉[1] 常春[2] LI Yichen;YANG Xiaochen;YUN Qingping;HE hui;CHANG Chun(Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University.Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Beijing 100026,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院/北京妇幼保健院,100026 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院,100191

出　　处：《中国生育健康杂志》2023年第3期218-222,共5页Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health

摘　　要：目的了解2005年到2014年北京市学龄前儿童生长发育变化,探索其在不同性别及地区的差异。方法基于2005年和2014年北京市国民体质监测数据,分别抽取6406名和6196名3~6岁儿童测量身高、体重,依据《中国7岁以下儿童生长发育参照标准》计算生长发育指标,采用t检验、卡方检验、广义线性模型进行统计推断。结果2014年男、女童生长迟缓率、低体重率均低于2005年(P<0.05),超重率均高于2005年(P<0.05)。2005年农村儿童生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦发生率高于城市(P<0.05),但2014年农村和城市儿童生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦发生率无显著差异。2005年城市儿童超重率比农村儿童高4.5%(P<0.01),2014年农村儿童超重率比城市高2.2%(P<0.05),交互作用检验表明2014年相较于2005年,农村儿童超重风险是城市儿童的1.59倍(95%CI:1.40~1.81)。结论2005—2014年北京市学龄前儿童生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦率显著降低,但儿童生长发育趋势呈现城乡差异,农村儿童超重风险高于城市,应采取有效干预策略促进儿童早期发展。Objective We aimed to estimate the trends in physical growth of preschool children in Beijing,and to explore gender and regional disparities.Methods A total of 6406 and 6196 children aged 3-6 years were extracted from 2005 and 2014 national physical fitness surveillance surveys in Beijing.Height and weight were directly measured and growth indicators were calculated using national reference standards.The trends in the prevalence were tested by t-test,chi-square test and generalized linear models.Results Compared to 2005,the stunting and underweight prevalence of boys and girls decreased in 2014(P<0.05),while the overweight prevalence increased(P<0.05).In 2005,children in rural area had higher prevalence of stunting,underweight and wasted than those in urban area 2005(P<0.05),but the differences disappeared in 2014.The prevalence of overweight for children in urban area was 4.5%higher than that for children in rural area in 2005(P<0.01),while,in 2014,the prevalence of the latter was 2.2%higher than the former(P<0.05).Interaction tests indicated that children in rural area had 1.59 times higher odds of being overweight than children in urban area in 2014 compared with 2005.Conclusion The stunting,underweight and wasted prevalence of preschool children significantly decreased in Beijing between 2005 to 2014.There have been physical growth disparities between regions,with children in rural area bearing higher overweight risks than those in urban area.Effective interventions are in dire need to promote early development.

关 键 词：儿童 生长发育 超重肥胖 城乡差异 

分 类 号：R17[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]