外源物质对油茶花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响  

Effects of different exogenous substances on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of Camellia oleifera

作　　者：徐金铭 常毅洪 龚涵 龚文芳 袁德义[1] XU Jinming;CHANG Yihong;GONG Han;GONG Wenfang;YUAN Deyi(College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2023年第4期789-798,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：湖南创新型省份建设专项经费(2021NK1007);湖南省自然科学基金青年基金(2020JJ5968);湖南省教育厅重点项目(20A524)。

摘　　要：以普通油茶花粉为材料,研究不同浓度的植物生长调节剂、矿质元素、一氧化氮(NO)和活性氧(ROS)对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响,并采用正交试验优化普通油茶花粉的萌发条件。结果表明:0.5~5.0 mg·L^(-1)赤霉酸(GA_(3))、0.5 mg·L^(-1)萘乙酸(NAA)显著促进花粉萌发和花粉管生长,最大花粉萌发率分别为59.07%,71.29%,而高浓度的NAA、GA_(3)(50 mg·L^(-1))却极显著抑制花粉萌发和花粉管生长。10~50 mg·L^(-1)MgSO_(4)处理的萌发率为56.88%~65.83%,24 h最大花粉管长度为2809.56μm。50~150 mg·L^(-1)CaCl_(2)·2H_(2)O处理的萌发率为59.91%~63.28%,24 h最大花粉管长度为2770.11μm,差异达显著水平。随着Ca^(2+)的抑制剂乙二醇双四乙酸EGTA、乙烯利(ETH)和NO供体硝普钠(SNP)浓度的增加,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度降低。100~300μmol·L^(-1)N′-硝基-L-精氨酸(L-NNA,NO抑制剂)促进花粉萌发和花粉管生长,最大花粉萌发率为68.12%。H_(2)O_(2)(ROS供体)和乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC,ROS抑制剂)浓度越高,花粉萌发率越低,花粉管长度越小,最大花粉萌发率分别为48.39%和45.78%。正交试验结果表明,促进油茶花粉萌发的最佳配比为100 g·L^(-1)蔗糖、10 g·L^(-1)琼脂、0.1 g·L^(-1)H_(3)BO_(3)、50 mg·L^(-1)CaCl_(2)·2H_(2)O、10 mg·L^(-1)MgSO_(4)、0.5 mg·L^(-1)NAA和2 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3),促进油茶花粉管生长的最佳配比为100 g·L^(-1)蔗糖、10 g·L^(-1)琼脂、0.1 g·L^(-1)H_(3)BO_(3)、50 mg·L^(-1)CaCl_(2)·2H_(2)O、10 mg·L^(-1)MgSO_(4)、0.5 mg·L^(-1)NAA和8 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3)。Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)和适当浓度的GA_(3)、NAA促进花粉萌发和花粉管生长,而乙烯利、NO和ROS对花粉萌发和花粉管生长起抑制作用。本研究结果可为油茶花粉离体萌发试验提供依据。Camellia pollen was used as the material to study the effects of different substances of plant growth regulators,mineral elements,compound NO and reactive oxygen species(ROS)on pollen germination and pollen tube growth,and the orthogonal method was used to optimize the culture components of C.oleifera pollen germination.The results showed that 0.5-5.0 mg·L^(-1)gibberellic acid(GA_(3))and 0.5 mg·L^(-1)naphthylacetic acid(NAA)could significantly promote pollen germination and pollen tube growth,and the maximum pollen germination rates were 59.07%and 71.29%,respectively.However,at high concentration(50 mg·L^(-1)),NAA and GA_(3)were significantly inhibited pollen germination and pollen tube growth.The germination rate of C.oleifera pollen treated with 10-50 mg·L^(-1)MgSO_(4)ranged from 56.88%to 65.83%,the maximum pollen tube length was 2809.56μm at 24 h.The promoting effect of 50-150 mg·L^(-1)CaCl_(2)·2H_(2)O was significantly different from that of the control group,and the germination rate ranged from 59.91%to 63.28%,the maximum pollen tube length was 2770.11μm at 24 h.The pollen germination rate and pollen tube length decreased with increasing concentrations of ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid(EGTA)(inhibitor of Ca^(2+)),ethephon and sodium nitroprusside(SNP)(donor of NO).100-300μmol·L^(-1)Nω-Nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA)(NO inhibitor)promoted pollen germination and pollen tube growth,and the maximum pollen germination rate was 68.12%.The higher the concentration of H_(2)O_(2)(ROS donor)and N-Acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC)(ROS inhibitor),the lower the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length,and the maximum pollen germination rates were 48.39%and 45.78%,respectively.The results of orthogonal experiments showed that the optimal composition for promoting C.oleifera pollen germination were 100 g·L^(-1)sucrose,10 g·L^(-1)agar,0.1 g·L^(-1)H_(3)BO_(3),50 mg·L^(-1)CaCl_(2)·2H_(2)O,10 mg·L^(-1)MgSO_(4),0.5 mg·L^(-1)NAA and 2 mg·L^(-1)GA_(3),and the optimal composition for promoting C.oleifera pollen tube growth

关 键 词：激素 活性氧 油茶 花粉萌发率 花粉管长度 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]