温室沙培黄瓜生产效应的水氮耦合方案优化  

Optimization of water-nitrogen coupling scheme for production effect of cucumber in sand culture in greenhouse

作　　者：马新超 轩正英 谭占明 周宇 王旭峰[4] MA Xinchao;XUAN Zhengying;TAN Zhanming;ZHOU Yu;WANG Xufeng(School of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency and High-Quality Cultivation and Deep Processing Technology of Southern Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit Trees,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;Graduate Office,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学、南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]塔里木大学研究生处,新疆阿拉尔843300 [4]塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2023年第4期809-820,共12页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：南疆重点产业支撑计划(2019DB001);新疆生产建设兵团科技攻关项目(2018DB003);塔里木大学研究生创新训练项目(TDGRI202023)。

摘　　要：为探究水氮耦合对沙培黄瓜生长、产量、品质及水氮利用率的影响,制定沙培黄瓜高产、高效、优质生产的水氮管理方案,本研究以优胜美水果黄瓜为试材,采用二次饱和D-最优设计进行沙培黄瓜水氮耦合试验,利用二次多项式逐步回归分析建立了以灌水水平及施氮量为自变量,产量、品质综合评分及水氮利用率为目标函数的多目标优化问题模型,并使用遗传算法对数学模型进行模拟寻优。结果表明:各处理的生长、产量、品质、水分利用效率和氮肥利用率都存在显著差异,受到灌水水平、施氮量及其耦合效应在不同程度上的影响。当灌水上限在65.00%~89.40%,施氮量在623~1250 kg·hm^(-2)时,植株的生长状况较好;在沙培中施氮量是决定黄瓜产量的关键因子,增施氮肥能够显著增产,而过高的施氮量和灌水水平反而会降低产量,符合报酬递减规律;增施氮肥的同时降低灌水水平可获得较高的水分利用效率;过多地增施氮肥,并且灌水水平过高过低都会造成氮肥利用率和品质的下降;该试验条件下,最优的水氮耦合方案为:灌水水平79.12%(即基质田间持水量60.00%~79.12%的灌水上下限设置),施氮量1100 kg·hm^(-2),此方案下植株生长健壮并且能够达到高产、高效、优质的农业生产目标,可为沙培黄瓜水氮科学精细化管理提供理论依据。In order to explore the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the growth,yield,quality and water and nitrogen utilization of sand-cultured cucumber,a water and nitrogen management scheme for high-yield,high-efficiency and high-quality production of sand-cultured cucumbers was formulated.In this study,the Youshengmei fruit cucumber was used as the test material to carry out the water-nitrogen coupling experiment of the sand cultured cucumber.In this experiment,two factors of irrigation level and nitrogen application rate were set,and the quadratic saturated D-optimal design was adopted.The results showed that there were significant differences in growth,yield,quality,water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of each treatments,which were affected by irrigation level,nitrogen application rate and its coupling effect in varying degrees.When the upper limit of irrigation was in the range of 65.00%-89.40%,and the amount of nitrogen application was in the range of 623-1250 kg·hm^(-2),the growth of plant was better.In sand culture,the amount of nitrogen application was the key factor to determine the yield of cucumber.Increasing nitrogen application could significantly increase the yield,while excessive nitrogen application and irrigation level would reduce the yield,which conformed to the law of diminishing returns.Higher water use efficiency could be obtained by increasing nitrogen fertilizer and reducing irrigation level.Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and too low irrigation level would lead to the decline of nitrogen use efficiency and quality.Under the experimental conditions,the optimal water nitrogen coupling scheme was:the irrigation level was 79.12%(i.e.the upper and lower limits of irrigation with 60.00%-79.12%of the field capacity of the substrate)and the nitrogen application rate was 1100 kg·hm^(-2).Under this scheme,the plant grew healthily and could achieve the goal of high-yield,high-efficiency and high-quality agricultural production,which could provide a theoretical basis for t

关 键 词：水氮耦合 沙培 黄瓜 产量 氮肥利用率 多目标优化模型 遗传算法 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]