大气细颗粒物测量技术研究新进展  

Measurement techniques new progress of atmospheric fine particles

作　　者：解智博 桂华侨 张礁石 杨波 康士鹏 魏秀丽 余同柱 杨义新 刘建国[1,2] 刘文清 XIE Zhibo;GUI Huaqiao;ZHANG Jiaoshi;YANG Bo;KANG Shipeng;WEI Xiuli;YU Tongzhu;YANG Yixin;LIU Jianguo;LIU Wenqing(Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology,Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,HFIPS,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院安徽光学精密机械研究所中国科学院环境光学与技术重点实验室,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省环境光学监测技术重点实验室,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2023年第2期16-29,共14页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2022-06-02,2021-XBZD-13-29);安徽省科技基金(202003a07020005,1908085MD114,2108085MD139);中科院合肥研究院院长基金(BJPY2021A04,YZJJ2022QN04)。

摘　　要：大气细颗粒物污染对区域环境、全球气候和人体健康均具有重要影响,因此大气细颗粒一直是污染防治的重点和难点之一。近年来,特别是我国大气污染防治计划的持续推进,大气细颗粒物污染问题已得到显著改善,同时也伴随着一系列测量技术的长足发展。本文针对大气细颗粒物数浓度、粒径分布、化学组成等物理化学参数信息,综述了近年来大气细颗粒物测量技术的发展与应用状况。对于细颗粒物数浓度测定,主要分为扩散荷电计数和凝结粒子计数两类,前者主要适用于燃烧排放场景,后者则适用于城市空气低浓度测量场景;对于细颗粒粒径测量,主要分为单颗粒粒径和整体粒径谱分析两类,单颗粒粒径多采用电子显微和光学显微方式,整体粒径谱分析主要为电迁移分级方式;对于细颗粒物组分测定,主要以气溶胶质谱与光谱分析为主。最后,面向大气颗粒物演变机制研究与智能化监测监管新需求,展望了未来大气细颗粒物将向多参数综合表征、动态过程快速测量、高性能微纳传感等方向发展。Atmospheric fine particle pollution has an important impact on regional environment,global climate and human health,so it has been one of the key and difficult points of air pollution prevention and control.In recent years,due to the continuous promotion of China's air pollution prevention and control plan,the problem of atmospheric fine particle pollution has been significantly improved,and the relevant measurement technology has also made considerable progress.In this paper,the development and application of atmospheric fine particle measurement technology in recent years are reviewed based on the information of physical and chemical parameters such as atmospheric fine particle number concentration,particle size distribution and chemical composition.For the measurement of fine particle number concentration,it mainly includes diffusion charge counting and condensation particle counting.The former is mainly applicable to the combustion emission scenario,and the latter is applicable to the urban air low concentration scenario.For the measurement of fine particle size,it mainly involves single particle size and overall particle size spectrum analysis.The single particle size is mostly determined by electron microscopy and optical microscopy,and the particle size spectrum analysis is mainly determined by electro migration classification.For the component measurement of fine particles,aerosol mass spectrometry and spectral analysis are mainly used.Finally,in view of the new requirements of research on the evolution mechanism of atmospheric particulates and intelligent monitoring and supervision,this paper discusses the future development of atmospheric fine particulates in multi-parameter comprehensive characterization,rapid measurement of dynamic processes,high-performance micro-nano sensors and other directions.

关 键 词：大气细颗粒物 数浓度 粒径 组分 在线测量 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]