钯基催化剂氧化低浓度甲烷的研究进展  

Research progress of palladium-based catalysts for oxidation oflow concentration methane

作　　者：赵旭腾 侯进 王一男 桂煜 张毅然[1] 李珂 陈婷 林赫[1] ZHAO Xuteng;HOU Jin;WANG Yinan;GUI Yu;ZHANG Yiran;LI Ke;CHEN Ting;LIN He(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240 [2]中国船舶集团有限公司第七一一研究所,上海200090

出　　处：《能源环境保护》2023年第2期106-116,共11页Energy Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(52106173);国家自然科学基金青年基金(52006142)。

摘　　要：甲烷(CH_(4))是一种重要的温室气体,其引发温室效应的能力是等量CO_(2)的25倍。船用天然气发动机排气中存在低浓度(0.05%~0.5%)CH_(4)泄露。CH_(4)化学结构稳定,起燃温度高,低浓度CH_(4)难以被捕集利用,催化氧化是去除尾气中低浓度CH_(4)的主要方式。贵金属钯(Pd)是完全氧化低浓度CH_(4)性能良好的催化材料。针对Pd基催化剂低温活性、可靠性以及研发成本等问题,本文介绍了目前Pd基催化剂主要研究进展。首先明晰了催化剂的Pd粒径和价态分布、Pd分散状态、载体种类以及强金属-载体间相互作用(SMSI)等对甲烷氧化活性的影响规律;其次,总结了目前公认的Pd基催化剂表面甲烷氧化机理和反应路径;之后,详细阐述了Pd基催化剂运行过程中高温烧结、水中毒及硫中毒等多种失活机制;最后,总结了当前低浓度甲烷完全氧化面临的主要挑战以及未来甲烷氧化催化剂的发展方向,并简要提出了Pd基催化剂的性能改善策略。Methane(CH_(4))is an important greenhouse gas that is 25 times that its CO_(2)equivalent.There is low concentration(0.05%~0.5%)CH_(4)leakage in marine natural gas engine exhaust.It is difficult to capture and utilize low concentration CH_(4)because of its stable chemical structure and high ignition temperature.Catalytic oxidation is the main method to remove low concentration CH_(4)from tail gas.The noble metal palladium(Pd)is the best catalytic material for the complete oxidation of low concentration CH_(4).In this paper,the main research progress of Pd-based catalysts is reviewed for their low-temperature activity,reliability and development cost.Firstly,the effects of Pd particle size and valence distribution,Pd dispersion state,type of support and strong metal-support interaction(SMSI)on methane oxidation activity are clarified;then,the mechanism of methane oxidation on the surface of Pd-based catalysts is summarized;in addition,the deactivation mechanisms of Pd-based catalysts,such as high temperature sintering,water poisoning and sulfur poisoning,are described in detail;finally,the main challenges and the future development of Pd-based catalysts for the complete oxidation of low concentration methane are summarized,and the strategies for improving the performance of Pd-based catalysts are proposed.

关 键 词：天然气发动机 钯基催化剂 低浓度甲烷 催化氧化 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程]