秸秆和生物炭添加对污染土壤铅形态转化及小麦幼苗生长的影响  

Effect of straw and biochar addition on transformation of lead speciation in contaminated soil and wheat seedling growth

作　　者：周茹 刘山 上官莉莎 叶泽杰 翟文露 谢迎新[1,2] 马冬云 王晨阳[1,2] ZHOU Ru;LIU Shan;SHANGGUAN Lisha;YE Zejie;ZHAI Wenlu;XIE Yingxin;MA Dongyun;WANG Chenyang(Henan Agricultural University,National Engineering Research Center for Wheat,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Technology Innovation Center of Wheat,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省小麦技术创新中心,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2023年第2期207-215,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300707);河南省科技攻关计划项目(212102110288)。

摘　　要：【目的】科学评价秸秆还田和生物炭添加对铅(Pb)污染土壤及小麦幼苗生长的影响,为农作物秸秆资源化利用和Pb污染土壤治理提供技术支持和理论依据。【方法】在外源添加Pb 5个B0(0 mg·kg^(-1))、B1(510 mg·kg^(-1))、B2(1 020 mg·kg^(-1))、B3(1 530 mg·kg^(-1))和B4(2 040 mg·kg^(-1))质量分数背景下,通过盆栽试验设置CK(对照)、S(添加小麦秸秆3.33 g·kg^(-1))、BC1(添加秸秆生物炭1 g·kg^(-1))、BC3(添加秸秆生物炭3 g·kg^(-1))和BC5(添加秸秆生物炭5 g·kg^(-1))5个处理,系统研究了添加秸秆和生物炭对土壤有效态Pb含量、小麦植株Pb含量、小麦生长状况及土壤Pb形态的影响。【结果】添加秸秆和生物炭处理均可显著降低土壤有效态Pb含量,但Pb污染土壤的钝化修复效果与添加秸秆和生物炭量相关。与对照(CK)相比,B1、B2、B3和B4质量分数下均以BC5处理降低效果相对较好。研究还发现,添加秸秆和生物炭均可显著降低小麦幼苗植株中Pb的含量,地上部与根部降幅分别达到24.11%~76.74%与32.14%~73.82%,但降低小麦植株Pb含量的效果与Pb污染土壤程度高低相关。从地上部与根部Pb降低效果看,与CK相比,B1、B2、B3和B4质量分数下以BC5处理降低效果较好。另外,添加秸秆和生物炭均可影响Pb污染土壤的小麦幼苗生长,与CK相比,添加秸秆和生物炭处理可以增加Pb污染土壤处理(510~1 530 mg·kg^(-1))的小麦幼苗植株(根茎叶)干质量,但对Pb污染土壤处理(2 040 mg·kg^(-1))效果不明显。研究也表明,与CK比较,添加生物炭和秸秆处理可明显增加污染土壤中不易被植株吸收的残渣态Pb和有机结合态Pb含量,降低易被生物吸收的可交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态Pb含量,并以生物炭BC5处理效果较好。【结论】添加生物炭和秸秆通过降低污染土壤有效态Pb含量,降低易被生物吸收Pb形态,以及降低小麦幼苗植株对土壤Pb的吸收,进�【Objective】In order to provide technical support and theoretical basis for straw resource utilization and heavy metal lead(Pb) contaminated soil remediation,the effects of straw and biochar addition on wheat seedling growth in Pb contaminated soil were systematically studied and scientifically evaluated.【Method】Under the condition of five exogenous Pb mass fraction levels with B0(0 mg·kg^(-1)),B1(510 mg·kg^(-1)),B2(1 020 mg·kg^(-1)),B3(1 530 mg·kg^(-1)) and B4(2 040 mg·kg^(-1)),five treatments,including CK(control),S(straw addition with 3.33 g·kg^(-1)),BC1(biochar addition with 1 g·kg^(-1)),BC3(biochar addition with 3 g·kg^(-1)) and BC5( biochar addition with 5 g·kg^(-1)),were carried out by pot experiment to study the effects of straw and biochar addition on soil available Pb content,wheat plant Pb content,wheat growth and soil Pb speciation.【Result】Straw and biochar addition could significantly decrease the content of available Pb in soil,but the passivation remediation effect of Pb contaminated soil was related to the amount of straw and biochar addition.Compared with CK,BC5 treatment had the markedly remediation effect under the levels of B1、B2、B3 and B4,respectively.The study also found that straw and biochar application significantly reduced the Pb content in wheat plants,with the decrease of 24.11%-74.25% in shoots and 35.89%-73.82% in roots,respectively.However,the reducing effects of Pb content in wheat was related to the level of Pb contaminated soil.In terms of the reducing effect of Pb in the ground and root parts,BC5 treatment has better reducing effect under the mass fraction of B1,B2,B3 and B4,compared with CK.In addition,both straw and biochar addition could affect the wheat growth in Pb contaminated soil.Compared with CK,the addition of straw and biochar could increase the dry weight of wheat seedling(roots,stems and leaves) in Pb-contaminated soil(510-1 530 mg·kg^(-1)),but had no obvious effects in the treatment of Pb-contaminated soil(2 040 mg·kg^(-1)).Studies have sh

关 键 词：小麦 秸秆 生物炭 土壤有效态Pb 幼苗 土壤Pb形态 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学] X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]