从型式到分型分式——考古类型学中国化的关键环节  

From Types to Typologizing and Sub-typologizing:A Critical Step in the Sinicization of Archaeological Typology

作　　者：李宏飞[1] Li Hongfei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京市100101

出　　处：《考古》2023年第3期82-90,共9页Archaeology

摘　　要：考古类型学是考古学研究的重要方法论,由瑞典学者蒙特柳斯在《东方和欧洲的古代文化诸时期》(Die?lteren Kulturperioden im Orient und in Europa)一书的第一卷《方法论》[1]系统提出,对中国考古学产生了重要而深远的影响[2]。特别是20世纪40年代苏秉琦对陕西宝鸡斗鸡台沟东区墓葬考古发掘资料的整理研究[3],成为考古类型学中国化历程的重要里程碑。By placing types into an evolutionary genealogy represented by a biological phylogenetic tree,Chinese archaeologists had sophisticatedly applied archaeological typology to research no later than the 1940s.Xia Nai and Su Bingqi's understanding and practice of archaeological typology as methodology formed two traditions:the subtypologizing tradition,focusing on selecting"standard types and subtypes"and emphasizing relative chronology,and the typologizing tradition,focusing on nuanced characteristics and genealogy.As these two traditions mutually influenced each other,"types"were further divided into both"types"and"subtypes."The former represents horizontal synchronicity,while the latter,vertical diachronicity.They integrated and eventually developed into an archaeological methodology characterized by"typologizing and subtypologizing."

关 键 词：考古类型学 型式 分式传统 分型传统 分型分式 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]