反应动力学推断死亡时间可行性的研究  

Study on the feasibility of predicting time of death by reaction kinetics

作　　者：段晓飞 宋振 郭子龙 李洋 杨超朋 鄢晓辉 姚震 贺永锋 Duan Xiaofei;Song zhen;Guo Zilong;Li Yang;Yang Chaopeng;Yan Xiaohui;Yao Zhen;He Yongfeng(Shaanxi Public Security Bureau,Xi'an,710016;Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038)

机构地区：[1]陕西省公安司法鉴定中心,陕西西安710016 [2]公安部鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《中国法医学杂志》2023年第1期48-52,共5页Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：公安部应用创新计划(2021YY41)。

摘　　要：目的探讨利用反应动力学方法推断死亡时间的可行性。方法15头家猪随机分为3组,每组5头,心内快速注射10%氯化钾溶液将其处死,尸体分别置于5℃、15℃、25℃环境条件下,每分钟测量一次直肠温度,持续30 h,将测得的尸体温度减去设置的环境温度,利用反应动力学方法对温差数据进行计算,通过拟合线性回归方程进行分析。同时利用一级反应动力学方法对Marshall研究的人体尸温数据进行分析,推导出人体死后尸温冷却速率常数及死亡时间计算公式,将公式运用于实际案例,并与Henssge公式进行比较。结果不同实验组,家猪死后尸温与环境温度间温差-ln(C/C_(0))的线性决定系数均在0.9以上,接近于1,与时间t呈较好的相关性。人体死后尸温冷却速率常数约为0.0684,死亡时间推断公式为:-ln{(T_(尸体)-T_(环境))/(37.2-T_(环境))}=K{t-(2-3)_(平台期)},案例1该公式计算的死亡时间误差小于Henssge公式,案例2该公式计算的死亡时间误差稍大于Henssge公式。结论稳定条件下,家猪死后尸温与环境温度间温差冷却过程属一级动力反应,基于该理论的公式可用于人体死亡时间推断。Objective The aim of this paper is to explore the feasibility of predicting time of death by reaction kinetics.Methods Fifteen pigs were randomly divided into three groups with 5 pigs in each group.They were killed by rapid cardiac injection of 10% potassium chloride solution.The samples were placed under the temperature of 5℃、15℃、25℃ respectively after death.Rectal temperature was measured and recorded automatically every minute for 30 hours.In terms of data acquisition and processing,the measured cadaveric temperature was subtracted from the set ambient temperature to achieve the temperature difference data,which was used for the calculation of the reaction kinetics method,and analyzed by fitting the linear regression equation.Meanwhile,the first-order reaction kinetics method was used to analyze the cadaver temperature data studied by Marshall,and to infer postmortem cooling rate constant and formula for time of death.The formulas were applied to real cases,and compared with Henssge C formula.Results In different experimental groups,the linear determinative coefficients of temperature difference between cadaver temperature and ambient temperature-ln(C/C_(0))are all above 0.9 and close to 1,indicating a good linear relationship with the time of death.The cooling rate constant of the body temperature after death is about 0.0684,the formula for time of death is-ln{(T_(sample)-T_(environment))/(37.2-T_(environment))}=K{t-(2-3)plateau}.In case 1,the error of death time calculated by this formula is smaller than that of Henssge C formula,and in case 2 the error is slightly larger than that of Henssge C formula.Conclusion Under stable environmental conditions,the cooling process of temperature difference between body temperature and ambient temperature is a first-order dynamic reaction,the formula based on this theory can be used to infer the time of death.

关 键 词：法医病理学 尸温 反应动力学 死亡时间 公式 

分 类 号：D919.1[医药卫生—法医学]