积极身体意象的前因后果及其提升策略  

The determinants and consequences of positive body image and its promotion strategies

作　　者：杨超[1] 董之婕 闻浩言 周一舟 王艳丽 袁方舟[1] YANG Chao;DONG Zhijie;WEN Haoyan;ZHOU Yizhou;WANG Yanli;YUAN Fangzhou(School of Psychology,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China;School of Educational Sciences,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;School of Education Science,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 22116,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学心理学院,贵阳550025 [2]重庆师范大学教育科学学院,重庆401331 [3]江苏师范大学教育科学学院,徐州221116

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2023年第5期815-826,共12页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字〔2022〕161号);贵州师范大学博士科研启动项目(GZNUD〔2019〕28号)。

摘　　要：积极身体意象是指个体对自己身体的认知接纳和独特性与功能性的欣赏,以及对身体评价信息的积极加工与保护,对个体具有内外增益的作用。以生物−心理−社会模型以及身体意象的操作性定义为理论框架,研究发现积极身体意象受到性别、年龄及身体质量指数等生物因素,人格因素、认知方式与内感受等心理因素以及重要他人、大众媒体及价值观念等社会文化因素的影响,对个体的身体认知、情绪体验及行为调控具有保护作用,其中,身体质量指数、神经质及感知来自重要他人和大众媒体的压力具有凸显性,心理因素与社会文化因素对个体积极身体意象的影响大于生物因素。同时,功能性聚焦干预和基于自我同情的干预成为了当前使用最多的两种提升策略,前者的有效性更强,而后者的应用与推广更具优势。未来研究可以基于交叉理论,丰富积极身体意象的理论模型,探究其发展特点与发生机制,优化提升策略的内容与适用性并注意家庭因素的防治作用,助推积极身体意象的中国化研究。Positive body image refers to the individual's cognitive acceptance of his own body,and the appreciation of the uniqueness and function of the body,as well as the active processing and protection of body evaluation information,which has the effect of internal and external gain on the individual.Taking the biopsychosocial model and the operational definition of body image as the theoretical framework,the study found that positive body image is affected by biological factors such as gender,age,and body mass index,psychological factors such as personality factors,cognitive mode,and interoception,as well as socio-cultural factors such as important others,mass media,and values,and has a protective effect on individual physical cognition,emotional experience,and behavior regulation,among which the body mass index,neuroticism,and perception of pressure from important others and mass media are prominent.Psychological and sociocultural factors have a greater influence on an individual's positive body image than biological factors.At the same time,functional-focused intervention and self-compassion-based intervention have become the two most commonly used promotion strategies,the former is more effective,while the latter has more advantages in the application and promotion.Future research can enrich the theoretical model of positive body image based on intersection theory,explore its development characteristics and occurrence mechanism,optimize the content and applicability of promotion strategies,pay attention to the prevention and treatment effect of family factors,and promote the study of positive body image in China.

关 键 词：积极身体意象 消极身体意象 提升策略 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]