5种新型肥料土壤养分供给特征对夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of nutrient release patterns of five new fertilizers on photosynthetic characteristics and yield formation of summer maize

作　　者：张孟孟 何招亮 王成雨[1] 张海鹏[1] 丁文金 孙孝根 ZHANG Mengmeng;HE Zhaoliang;WANG Chengyu;ZHANG Haipeng;DING Wenjin;SUN Xiaogen(School of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036;China Salt Anhui Hongsifang Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 231602)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,合肥230036 [2]中盐安徽红四方股份有限公司,合肥231602

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2023年第1期22-28,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：安徽省重点研发计划(201904a06020055)资助。

摘　　要：为探究不同类型肥料对土壤养分含量、夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响,选择6种不同类型复合(混)肥料,以安农876为供试品种,采用大田试验,设不施肥(T1)、常规施肥(T2)、缓释掺混复合肥(T3)、增效控释肥+黄腐酸钾(T4)、增效玉米控释肥+腐殖酸(T5)、稳定性复合肥(T6)和腐殖酸类复合肥(T7)7个处理,研究了皖北地区6种肥料对夏玉米光合特性和产量形成的影响。结果表明:夏玉米季,5种新型肥料处理的土壤碱解氮、有效磷含量与常规复合肥相比(T2)在玉米需肥关键期(吐丝期)差值最大,土壤速效钾在拔节期到吐丝期均比常规复合肥(T2)高,更符合夏玉米生长发育需求,其中以T5处理最高;5种新型肥料对夏玉米的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,胞间CO_(2)浓度均有不同程度的改善;玉米产量与净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度、SPAD值呈显著或极显著相关;5种新型肥料的夏玉米产量比常规肥料高3.6%~21.88%,均达到显著差异水平,以T5产量最高,为11 867.18 kg·hm^(-2),显著高于其他处理。皖北砂姜黑土区玉米季,5种新型肥料的养分释放优于常规肥料、对光合特性及SPAD值均有不同程度的提升、能显著提升夏玉米产量,增效玉米控释肥+腐殖酸效果最佳。In order to explore the effects of different types of fertilizers on soil nutrient content,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of summer corn,six different types of compound(mixed) fertilizers were selected,taken Annong 876 as the test variety,a field test was conducted with 7 treatments:no fertilization(T1),conventional fertilization(T2),slow-release blended compound fertilizer(T3),synergistic controlled-release fertilizer + potassum fulvic acid(T4),enhanced corn controlled-release fertilizer + humic acid(T5),stable compound fertilizer(T6) and humic acid compound fertilizer(T7).The results showed that compared with the application of conventional compound fertilizer(T2),the soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus contents with the application of five new fertilizers had the largest differences in the critical period of corn fertilizer demand in the summer corn season,and the soil available potassium was higher than that of conventional compound fertilizer(T2) form the jointing stage to the spinning stage,which was more in line with the growth and development need of the summer corn,and it was the highest in T5 treatment.The five new fertilizers improved the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and intercellular CO_(2)concentration of the summer corn to varying degrees.The corn yield was significantly or extremely correlated with the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,intercellular CO_(2)concentration,and SPAD value.The yield of the summer corn with application of the five new fertilizers was 3.60%-21.88% higher than that with the conventional fertilizers,all of which reached a significant difference level;the yield with T5 treatment was the highest,of 11 867.18 kg·hm^(-2),which was significantly higher than that with other treatments.In the corn season,the nutrient release of five new fertilizers was better than that of the conventional fertilizer in the black soil area of northern Anhui,and the photosynthetic characteristics and

关 键 词：不同类型肥料 夏玉米 土壤养分 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]